HOTA PAPER 3 INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS IN THE AMERICAS

Political causes of Independence movements

strong imperial authority-limits to state power-lack of representation with heavy taxation 

Economic causes of Independence movements

mercantilism-trade restrictions-too much power to colonists

Social causes of Independence movements

class division-wealth gaps-slavery of africans-treatment of creoles/native Americans

Religious causes of Independence movements

role of church in state powers

Intellectual influences 

Enlightenment ideas-american nationalism-Natural rights philosophy-liberalism

Foreign intervention 

European wars-shift in global powers-presences of other revolutions 

George Washington

lead the patriots-american symbol for hope-part of constitutional convention

Simon Bolivar

liberates most of Latin America-natural rights-free oppressed peoples

Jose de San Martin

leads revolts against Spanish in Argentina/Chile/Peru-Nationalist with Enlightenment ideals 

Revolutionary wars in North America

United fighting force-civilian leadership-shorter wars-united nation post revolt-slavery phases out post wars-crucial foreign aid

Revolutionary wars in South America

Deep race/class division-longer wars-fractured nations post revolt-slavery somewhat phased out post wars-semi foreign aid

Liberalism

enhance individual freedoms-governments should not fringe on rights

Republicanism

Power resides in the people-traditional system

Monarchy

Hereditary form of government