Human Anatomy Bone Lists and Landmarks

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal anatomy, cranial/facial bones, vertebral structures, pelvis, limbs, and key anatomical landmarks.

Hallux

The first phalange or great toe, consisting of only a proximal and a distal phalanx.

PAED

A mnemonic for foot pronation biomechanics representing Pronation = Abduction, Eversion & Dorsiflexion.

SAPI

A mnemonic for foot supination biomechanics representing Supination = Adduction, Plantarflexion & Inversion.

Intertrochanteric crest

A ridge on the femur that runs between the lesser and greater trochanters anteriorly and posteriorly.

Gluteal tuberosity of lateral femur

A posterior landmark located below the greater trochanter on the lateral side of the femur.

Linea aspera

The posterior ridge running vertically up and down the shaft of the femur.

Pectineal line (femur)

A line located on the posterior aspect of the femur below the lesser trochanter.

Trochlear groove

Also known as the patellar groove, the smooth depression on the anterior distal femur where the patella fits.

Intercondylar eminence

Also known as the spine of the tibia, an elevated structure located near the center of the top of the tibial plateau.

Femur landmarks

Anatomical features of the thigh bone including the head, neck, trochanters, epicondyles, condyles, and associated ridges.

Os Coxae

Also known as the innominate bone, it forms one half of the pelvis and is composed of the pubis, ilium, and ischium.

Ischial spine

A prominent outcropping on the pelvic bone located between the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch.

Pectineal line of the Pubis

A ridge located on the upper surface of the superior ramus of the pubic bone.

Os coxae landmarks

Landmarks and muscle attachment points on the fused bones of the pelvis, including the acetabulum, iliac crest, and sciatic notches.

Female pelvis characteristics

Skeletal presentation characterized by a wider pelvic inlet/outlet and increased pelvic width resulting in higher Q angles.

True ribs

Ribs 1 through 7, anatomically designated as vertebrosternal ribs.

False ribs

Ribs 8 through 10, anatomically designated as vertebrochondral ribs.

Floating ribs

Ribs 11 and 12, which do not connect directly or indirectly to the sternum.

Vertebral arch

The posterior portion of a vertebra excluding the body, consisting of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae that support seven processes.

Transverse foramen

An opening present exclusively in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Pars inter-articularis

The specific region of a vertebra located between the superior and inferior articular processes of the facet joint.

Zygapophyseal joint

A synovial joint formed between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it.

Lamina

The flattened region of the vertebra between the spinous process and transverse process that forms the roof of the vertebral arch.

Pedicle

The short segment of bone connecting the transverse process to the vertebral body.

Transverse costal facet

Also called transverse costal fovea, the articular site where a rib forms a joint with the anterior portion of the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra.

Superior / Inferior costal demi-facet

Articular sites on the vertebral body where the head of a rib attaches to thoracic vertebrae.

Scapular landmarks

Anatomical structures and muscle attachment sites on the scapula, including the spine, acromion, coracoid process, and fossae.

Clavicular landmarks

Features of the collarbone including the sternal end, acromial end, trapezoid line, and conoid tubercle.

Antecubital fossa

The anterior depression of the elbow situated between the brachium and antebrachium.

Radial fossa

A shallow depression on the anterior humerus superior to the capitulum where the head of the radius articulates during flexion.

Coronoid fossa

A small depression on the anterior humerus situated superior to the trochlea.

Olecranon fossa

A deep triangular depression on the posterior surface of the humerus superior to the trochlea.

Radial tuberosity

Also called the bicipital tuberosity, a prominent bump on the radius that serves as the attachment point for the biceps brachii tendon.

Ulnar tuberosity

A rough surface on the proximal ulna serving as the attachment site for the brachialis tendon.

Radial notch of the ulna

A smooth articular surface on the lateral side of the proximal ulna for articulation with the head of the radius.

Pollex

The Latin term for the thumb, which possesses only a proximal and a distal phalanx.

Old People From Texas Eat Spiders

A mnemonic for remembering the bones of the cranium: Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid.

External auditory meatus

The anatomical term for the ear canal passage located in the temporal bone.

Inion

Also known as the external occipital protuberance, a prominent midline projection located on the outer surface of the occipital bone.

Zygomatic arch

A bony arch formed by the fusion of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.

Metopic suture

The persistent frontal suture seen into adulthood when the two halves of the frontal bone do not fully fuse by age six.

Nasion

The region of the skull where the nasal bones meet the frontal bone at the nasofrontal suture.

Fontanels

Membranous soft spots on an infant's skull where cranial sutures have not yet closed, including anterior, posterior, and posterolateral fontanels.

Cranial sutures

Fibrous joints separating bones of the skull, including coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures.