Population Growth and Decline

These flashcards cover key concepts related to population growth and decline, including vocabulary, definitions, and important theories models.

Population Growth

The increase in the number of individuals in a population.

Migration

Movement of people from one place to another, influencing population size.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 people in a given year.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.

Doubling Time (DT)

The time it takes for a population to double in size.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization and technological innovation that began in the late 18th century.

Urbanization

The process of people moving from rural areas to cities.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that describes population change over time based on birth and death rates.

Malthus's Theory

The idea that population grows exponentially while food production grows at an arithmetic rate, leading to potential shortages.

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A model that describes changes in causes of death in populations as they develop.

Antinatalist Policies

Government policies that discourage population growth by limiting births.

Pronatalist Policies

Government policies that encourage population growth by promoting higher birth rates.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime based on current birth rates.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Natural Disasters

Events such as floods, earthquakes, or famines that can dramatically affect population sizes.

Aging Population

An increase in the proportion of elderly individuals within a population.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of people who are typically not in the labor force (dependents) to those who are.

Population Density

The number of people living per unit of area, typically per square kilometer or mile.

Health Care Access

The ability of individuals to obtain health services when needed.

Urban Growth

The increase in the population of people living in urban areas.

Gender Imbalance

A disproportionate ratio of males to females in a population.

Migration Patterns

Trends and movements of populations between different regions.

Population Pyramid

A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.

Youth Bulge

A demographic pattern where a significant proportion of the population is made up of young individuals.

Suburbanization

The process of population movement from within cities to the rural-urban fringe.

Famine

An extreme scarcity of food affecting a large number of people.

Cultural Factors

Social norms and values that can influence population growth and family structures.

Climate Change

Long-term alterations in temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.

Public Health Initiatives

Programs aimed at improving the health of a population.

Economic Development

The process of improving the economic well-being and quality of life for a community.

Labor Force Participation

The number of people who are willing and able to work.

Inequality in Resource Distribution

Disparities in the allocation of resources among individuals or populations.

Social Security Systems

Government programs that provide financial support to individuals upon retirement or disability.

Community Engagement

The process of working collaboratively with community members to address issues.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.