AMSCO HGAP VOCAB Knowledge Check #2 (3.5-3.8)

Imperialism

a broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.

Colonialism

type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country.

Animism

the belief that non-living objects, such as rivers or mountains, possess spirits.

Native Speakers

those who use the language learned from birth

Lingua Franca

a common language used by people who do not share the same native language (Like English)

Slang

Words used informally by a segment of the population.

Pidgin Language

When speakers of two different languages have extensive contact with each other, often because of trade

Creole Language

Over time, two or more separate languages can mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language. They create a new combined language, known as

Social Constructs

ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature.

Time-space Convergence

The greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation

Cultural Convergence

Cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs.

Cultural Divergence

is the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes.

Linguists

scientists who study languages,

Language Tree

The relationship among these language families is often shown on a

Indo-European Language Family

Nearly half of the world's population speaks one of the languages of the

Romance Languages

Most of these later vanished, but Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Romanian, among others survived and grew.

Isoglosses

The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage

Dialects

Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling create

Adages

sayings that attempt to express a truth about life, such as "the early bird gets the worm."

Toponyms

The name of places

Official Language

one designated by law to be the language of government,

Homogenous

of the same kind

Adherents

believers in their faith

Ethnic Religions

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers

Universal Religions

actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. Universalizing religions are open to all people regardless of their ethnicity, language, social status or nationality.

Hinduism

Classified as an ethnic religion; includes the worship of many deities, so most scholars consider it polytheistic, which means having many gods

Polytheistic

means having many gods

Monotheistic

means having one god.

Karma

The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or a future

Caste System

rigid class structure, that shaped Indian society.

Buddhism

The practice of __________ differs widely from place to place and from ethnic group to ethnic group. However, most __________ emphasize meditating and living in harmony with nature.

Four noble truths

the four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching

Eightfold path

A book that sought to eliminate desire and suffering

Sikhism

relatively new universalizing monotheistic faith; founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region

Gurdwara

A Sikh's place of worship

Judaism

s among the first monotheistic faiths.

Torah

expresses divine will. It is supplemented by other writings as well as unwritten laws and customs.

Holocaust

murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany,

Christianity

Began when followers of a Jewish teacher, Jesus (c. 4 B.C.E. to c. 30 C.E.), evolved into their own religion based on the belief that Jesus was the son of God and the savior of humans.

Islam

is the religion followed by Muslims. Muslims believe that Allah—the Arabic word for God—revealed his teachings to humans through a series of prophets. The last of these was Muhammad

Five pillars

The core principles of the Quran

Sunni

One of the major subdivisions of islam (the bigger one)

Shia

One of the major subdivisions of islam (the smaller one)

Pilgrimage

a religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

Acculturation

an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture.

Assimilation

happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

Syncretism

Ihe fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid tra

Multiculturalism

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study.

Nativists

anti-immigrant, attitudes