CompTIA A+ 1101 - 2.3 Compare and contrast protocols for wireless networking

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9 Terms

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802.11a

  • one of the original 802.11 wireless standards

  • released October 1999

  • operates in 5 GHz range

  • 54 Mbit/s

  • smaller range than 802.11b

  • not commonly seen today

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802.11b

  • also an original 802.11 standard

  • released October 1999

  • operates in 2.4 GHz range

  • 11 Mbit/s

  • better range than 802.11a

  • more frequency conflict

  • not commonly seen today

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802.11g

  • an upgrade to 802.11b

  • released in June 2003

  • operates in 2.4 GHz range

  • 54 Mbit/s (similar to 802.11a)

  • backwards compatible with 802.11b

  • same 2.4 GHz frequency conflict problems as 802.11b

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802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)

  • update to 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11a

  • released in October 2009

  • operates at 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz (40 MHz channel widths)

  • 600 Mbit/s (40 MHz mode and 4 antennas)

  • uses MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output, multiple transmit and receive antennas)

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802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)

  • approved in January 2014

  • significant improvements over 802.11n

  • operates in the 5 GHz band (up to 160 MHz channel bandwidth)

  • increased channel bonding (larger bandwidth usage)

  • denser signaling modulation (faster data transfers)

  • 8 MU (multi-user)-MIMO downlink streams (2x as many streams as 802.11n, nearly 7 gigabits per sec)

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802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)

  • approved in February 2021

  • successor to 802.11ac/Wi-Fi 5

  • operates at 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz (20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel widths)

  • 1201 Mbit/s per channel (8 bi-directional MU-MIMO streams)

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RFID

  • Radio-frequency identification

  • everywhere (access badges, inventory tracking, pet identification)

  • radar technology (radio energy transmitted to the tag, RF powers tag, ID is transmitted back, bidirectional communication)

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NFC

  • near-field communication

  • two-way wireless communication (builds on RFID, mostly one-way)

  • payment systems (credit cards, online wallets)

  • bootstrap for other wireless (Bluetooth pairing)

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Bluetooth

  • removes the wires (headsets, speakers, keyboards)

  • uses 2.4 GHz range

  • short range (most consumer devices operate to about 10m)