Animal A&P blood

What are some functions of Blood

Deliver nutrients, Oxygen transport, CO2 transport, Waste transport to kidneys, Body temp regulation, PH regulation, and Blood loss prevention

What cell types are found in blood?

erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), thrombocytes (platelets)

What is plasma

the liquid components of blood (contains fibrinogen). contains plasma proteins, electrolytes, glucose, and urea

what is serum?

plasma without fibrinogen

created if a clot is formed

hematopoiesis

the process which blood cells are produced in the body

hematocrit

a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total volume of blood. or relative proportion of cells to plasma. found through centrifuging

what is the ‘buffy coat’ in hematocrit

WBCS and platelets

why does blood appear red?

because of hemoglobin

what is the approximate blood volume of animals?

7-9% of body weight

what is the normal blood pH?

7.35-7.45

Very subtle changes in pH correspond with signifcant changes in _____ concentration in the blood

hydrogen ion

what is blood pH regulated by?

respiratory and urinary systems

what is the formation of erythrocytes?

biconcave disc formation (thick periphery and thin center)

true or false mammals RBC have a nucleus

false

which animals RBCs have a nucleus?

birds

What is the primary protein in the RBC?

hemaglobin

true or false, HB can reversibly bind with oxygen and CO2

true

What Iron molecule can not bind with oxygen?

Ferric Iron (3+)

Explain Nitrate Poisoning

OverConsumption of Ferric Iron (3+) which cant bind with oxygen therefor it cannot transport the oxygen and leads to oxygen deprivation and tissue damage

where does erythropoiesis occur?

in the bone marrow of most bones

what is erythropoiesis?

the formation of red blood cells in bone marrow

what is the stage just before RBCS enter the circulation called and it still has nuclear material present?

reticulocyte

what is anemia

the decreased numbers of rbcs

what can an example of iron deficiency be?

sow’s milk is low in iron therefor iron deficiency is low in piglets

what is polycythemia?

increased numbers of rbcs

relative polycythemia=

dehydration or shock (decrease in plasma volume)

absolute polycythemia

increase in rbc mass without a decrease in plasma volume

two types of leukocytes

agranular and granular

3 types of granulocytes

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

distinguishing characteristic of granulocytes

they have granules in their cytoplasm

2 types of agraulocytes

monocytes and lymphocytes

distinguishing characteristic of agranulocytes

they do not have granules in their cytoplasm

where are neutrophils produced?

in the bone marrow

what is the neutrophils first line of defense against infection?

phagocytosis