UofL BIO 240 Chapter 5 Test (no pictures)

1. Who was the Swedish physician living in the 1700s, that developed the two-part

naming system for species that we still use today?

a. Lyell

b. Lamarck

c. Linneaus

d. Wallace

C

2. Who was the British naturalist, living in the 1800s, that worked on islands in the

South Pacific and independently developed a hypothesis of natural selection that

was strikingly similar to Darwin's own hypothesis?

a. Lyell

b. Lamarck

c. Linneaus

d. Wallace

D

3. The Lamarckian and Darwinian views of evolution share all of the following ideas

EXCEPT ____.

a. life evolves over time.

b. the environment plays a role in evolution.

c. inheritance from generation to generation is a key factor in evolution.

d. organisms strive to fit best into their environment.

D

4. During Darwin's voyage on the Beagle (in particular, his time on the Galapagos

islands), he made two observations that led to two inferences regarding natural

selection. Which of the following was one of his observations?

a. Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics.

b. Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to leave more

offspring than others.

c. Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population.

d. All of the above are observations

A

5. Which of the following is a Darwinian explanation for why a species of salamander

lost the ability to see after colonizing a cave?

a. Individuals in this salamander species no longer needed to use their eyes.

Over time, due to lack of use, they lost the ability to see.

b. In the cave, there is a source of pollution that increased the mutation rate for

a gene involved in eye development. Over time, due to exposure to this

chemical, individuals in the population lost their sight.

c. Individuals in the ancestral population that colonized the cave differed in

their ability to see. Maintaining the ability to see in the dark cave wasted

energy, so salamanders with less developed eyes had more offspring than

those with fully developed eyes.

C

6. Which organism has the highest fitness?

a. An organism with the most offspring

b. An organism with the largest territory

c. An organism with the best health

d. An organism with the longest life span

A

7. An organism with high fitness will ____.

a. survive and reproduce in any environment

b. survive and reproduce in its native environment

B

8. For natural selection to occur, all of the following must be true EXCEPT ____.

a. variation in a trait must exist in a population

b. the variation must have a genetic basis

c. the variation affects survival, but not reproduction

C

9. Natural selection acts on _____ to ultimately change _____.

a. the environment; individuals

b. individuals; the population

c. the population; the environment

d. the population; individuals

e. individuals; the environment

B

10. Which of the following is an example of genetic variation in humans?

a. Two children have different eye colors.

b. One person is older than another.

c. One person has a scar, but her friend does not.

A

11. A researcher is responsible for maintaining a population of fruit flies in their lab.

They carefully select which biological male flies mate with which biological female

flies, in order to maintain the frequency of some traits in the population and

increase the frequency of other traits. This is an example of ____.

a. natural selection

b. sexual selection

c. artificial selection

C

12. Genetic variation in a single population can increase by _____.

a. sexual selection

b. mutation

c. genetic drift

d. all of the above

e. both a and b are correct

E

13. Natural selection is ____.

a. a synonym for evolution (it means the same thing)

b. one mechanism of evolution (one way evolution can occur)

c. both are correct

B

14. If a population had fewer individuals with an intermediate phenotype than you

expected and more of each extreme phenotype type than you expected, what type of

natural selection is occurring in this population?

a. stabilizing selection

b. disruptive selection

c. directional selection

d. balancing selection

B

15. If a population had more individuals with one extreme phenotype than you

expected and fewer individuals with the other extreme phenotype or with an

intermediate phenotype than you expected, what type of natural selection is

occurring in this population?

a. stabilizing selection

b. disruptive selection

c. directional selection

d. balancing selection

C

16. For a trait determined by a single locus, you find more heterozygous individuals in a

population than either homozygous genotype. Over the generations, neither

homozygous genotype is eliminated from the population, as both alleles are needed

to create the most fit heterozygous individuals. What type of natural selection is

occurring at this locus?

a. stabilizing selection

b. disruptive selection

c. directional selection

d. balancing selection

D

17. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Convergent evolution demonstrates common ancestry.

b. Comparing fossils can show evolutionary changes in bones over time.

c. The more similar the amino acid sequences of proteins from two different

organisms are, the more closely related the organisms are.

A

18. Which of the following evolutionary forces is nonrandom?

a. genetic drift

b. natural selection

c. mutation

d. all of the above are nonrandom

B

19. Adaptations that lead to differences in fitness among individuals in a population are

involved in evolution by _____.

a. natural selection

b. genetic drift

c. nonrandom mating

d. all of the above

e. both a and c are correct

E

22. Researchers find evidence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism separating two

populations of organisms. They decide that they are two different species. What

species concept did they use to make this decision?

a. biological species concept

b. morphological species concept

c. ecological species concept

A

23. The prezygotic isolating mechanism separating the two population of organisms

mentioned in the previous question could _____.

a. prevent mating

b. prevent fertilization of an egg

c. prevent hybrid offspring from reaching sexual maturity

d. all of the above would be prezygotic mechanisms

e. only a and b are prezygotic mechanisms

E

24. If you found a fossil of an ancient fish, you would determine which species the fossil

belonged to using the _____.

a. biological species concept

b. morphological species concept

c. ecological species concept

d. any of the above could be used

B

25. A tiger and a leopard can mate, and the sperm of one species can fertilize the eggs of

another. Once fertilized, the offspring begin to develop, but usually, they die in

utero. Pregnant biological mothers miscarry these offspring before their

development is complete. This is an example of ____.

a. mechanical isolation

b. hybrid breakdown

c. gametic isolation

d. reduced hybrid viability

D

26. Two species of wasp produce viable and fertile offspring. However, when those

offspring produce young, their young are weak, unviable, or infertile. This is an

example of ____.

a. hybrid breakdown

b. reduce hybrid viability

c. gametic isolation

d. temporal isolation

A

27. A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is ____.

a. evolving

b. not evolving

B

Biol 240 Exam 5 KEY Test Code A

Fall 2019

Page 7 of 12

28. The biological species concept relies on a disruption of which evolutionary force?

a. mutation

b. natural selection

c. gene flow

d. genetic drift

e. all of the above

C

29. A small population experiences a chance event that decreases its size dramatically.

This is an example of _____.

a. mutation

b. natural selection

c. gene flow

d. genetic drift

e. all of the above

D

30. In the process of speciation, allopatry and sympatry are two ways that populations

enter/complete which stage in the process?

a. divergence

b. isolation

c. reinforcement

B

31. A population changing from one generation to the next is an example of _____. An

ancient population that, over millennia, becomes the common ancestor of many

current species, is an example of ____.

a. microevolution; macroevolution

b. macroevolution; microevolution

c. both are examples of microevolution

d. both are examples of macroevolution

A

32. If two populations exchange migrants, it's an example of evolution by ____. If a group

of migrants create a new population, it's an example of evolution by _____.

a. genetic drift; gene flow

b. gene flow; genetic drift

c. both are examples of gene flow

d. both are examples of genetic drift

B

33. According to the biological species concept, organisms are different species if they

___.

a. cannot produce viable offspring

b. are found in different places

c. have different physical traits

d. specialize on different resources in their environment

A

34. For Hardy Weinberg equilibrium to occur, which of the following must be TRUE?

a. Individuals in the population must mate randomly with one another.

b. Individuals must have equal fitness.

c. No individuals can enter or leave the population.

d. All of the above.

e. Both b and c.

D

Use the information in the scenario below to answer questions 35 and 36:

In a population of 100 snails, 64 have brown shells and 36 have tan shells. The brown shell

allele is completely dominant to the tan shell allele. Assume Hardy Weinberg equilibrium to

answer the questions that follow.

35. What is the allele frequency of the tan allele?

a. 0.36

b. 0.40

c. 0.60

d. 0.64

e. 0.72

36. How many of the snails with brown shells are homozygous dominant for the brown

allele?

a. 10

b. 16

c. 26

d. 40

e. 64

C,B

Use the information to answer questions 37 through 39:

In a population of 150 horses, 100 are white, 10 are brown, and 40 are roan. The roan

horses grow both white and brown hair in a mottled pattern, so from far away, they appear

light brown or reddish brown. The roan coloration results from a heterozygous genotype:

IWIB. White horses are homozygous: IWIW. Brown horses are also homozygous: IBIB.

37. What is the actual (or observed) genotype frequency for brown horses in this

population?

a. 0.07

b. 0.10

c. 0.20

d. 0.26

e. 0.33

38. What is allelic frequency of the white allele (IW)?

a. 0.67

b. 0.80

c. 0.82

d. 0.89

e. 0.96

39. To find the genotype frequency of roan horses expected by Hardy-Weinberg, you

would calculate what quantity?

a. 2pq

b. q2

c. p2

d. p

e. Q

A,B,A

Use the following information to answer questions 45 and 46:

In March of 2011, an earthquake triggered a catastrophic tsunami (or tidal wave) that

struck the east coast of Japan. This tidal wave washed boats, docks, buoys and other

materials out to sea. Swept along by ocean currents, some of these materials took years to

arrive on the west coast of the United States. A 70-foot long piece of a dock washed up on

the beach in Oregon. Living on this piece of dock were snails, barnacles, corals, crabs, and

other sea creatures that are native to Japan. A boat that contained 20 fish found only in

Japan also washed ashore. So far, almost 300 Japanese species have been identified among

this debris.

45. It is not known if the newly arrived Japanese fish can survive long-term in North

America. If they are able to establish a new population, this would be an example of

___.

a. mutation

b. natural selection

c. gene flow

d. genetic drift

e. sexual selection

46. Which of the following describes what might occur to the Japanese fish in their new

environment of North American?

a. The new environment will cause the fish to develop mutations that they need

to survive

b. Some fish may randomly have mutations that will enhance their fitness

c. Some fish will already possess favorable traits to survive and reproduce in

their new environment

d. Any of the above are possible

e. Both b and c are correct

D,E

Use the following scenario to answer questions 47 through 50:

A small college campus has a population of black-eyed susan vines growing in its garden. Of

the 8 individuals in this population, all produce bright yellow flowers. One day, a professor

adds 2 new individuals to the population that produce only white flowers. Let's assume

that flower color in black-eyed susan vines is controlled by a single gene. The yellow allele

(IY) and the white allele (IW) exhibit incomplete dominance. Heterozygous individuals

(IYIW) will appear pale yellow. There are no heterozygous individuals currently in the

garden.

47. When the professor brought the new vines into the garden, this action was an

example of a type of evolution called ____.

a. natural selection

b. gene flow

c. genetic drift

d. mutation

e. nonrandom mating

48. After the professor plants the new vine in the garden, what is the frequency of the

white allele in this population of vines?

a. 2

b. 4

c. 0.2

d. 0.4

e. 0.04

49. If this population of vines grew to 30 individuals, how many vines would you expect

to have the heterozygous phenotype if the population were in Hardy Weinberg

equilibrium?

a. 0.16

b. 0.32

c. 5

d. 10

e. 19

50. If the population had fewer heterozygous individuals than you calculated in the

previous question, you would correctly conclude that ____.

a. The population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, which means

its not evolving

b. The population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, which means

its evolving.

c. The population is not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, which

means its not evolving

d. The population is not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, which

means its evolving

B,C,D,D