Gross Anatomy L16

boundaries of the gluteal region

iliac crest, greater trochanter, gluteal fold, intergluteal cleft

boundaries of the thigh

inguinal ligament, gluteal fold, knee, popliteal fossa

boundaries of the leg

crus, sura, knee, popliteal fossa, ankle

boundaries of the foot

dorsum, plantar surface, ankle, toes

deep fascia of the thigh

fascia lata, crural fascia, intermuscular septa, retinacula

superficial fascia of the thigh

loose connective tissue, adipose, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, lymphatics

examples of deep fascia of the thigh

iliotibial tract/band, saphenous opening

what does the iliotibial tract/band do?

lateral thickening/reinforcement, stability for knee

what does the saphenous opening do?

hiatus below inguinal ligament, where great saphenous vein drains into femoral vein

what is the deep fascia of the crural region?

distal continuation of fascia lata from iliotibial tract to foot

intermuscular septa of the thigh (compartments)

anterior, posterior, medial

two layers of posterior compartment of thigh

triceps surae, deep flexors

anterior compartment of thigh

knee extensors, hip flexors, femoral nerve

medial compartment of thigh

hip adductors, hip flexors, obturator nerve

posterior compartment of thigh

knee flexors, hip extensors, sciatic nerve

compartments of the leg

anterior, lateral, posterior

anterior compartment of leg

dorsiflexion, toe extension, deep fibular nerve

lateral compartment of leg

eversion, plantar flexion, superficial fibular nerve

posterior compartment of leg

plantarflexion, knee flexion, tibial nerve

purpose of retinacula

extensions of deep fascia, tendon stabilization

pelvic girdle

attachment between axial skeleton and inferior appendicular skeleton

what does the pelvic girdle do?

distributes body mass to lower limbs, houses and protects pelvic viscera

pelvic bones

fused ilium, ischium, pubis

pelvic subdivisions

pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

what are the parts of the pelvic inlet?

superior pelvic aperture, boundary between abdominal and pelvic cavities

what are the parts of the pelvic outlet?

inferior pelvic aperture, inferior boundary and borders of perineum

what is the femur?

long bone of the thigh, articulates with pelvic bone, tibia, patella

what is the ankle and it’s bones

the transitional region between the foot and the leg, tibia, fibula, talus

what is the foot and it's bones

segment of lower limb distal to ankle, dorsum and plantar surfaces, has tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

what is the sacrum

five fused sacral vertebrae, alae articulate with auricular surfaces of the ilia of the pelvis

what bones make up the pelvis

ilium, ischium, pubis

joints of the pelvis

sacroiliac, femoroacetabular, pubic symphysis

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

synovial and syndesmoses

what joint transfers body weight through the pelvic girdle to the femurs via the hip joint

sacroiliac joint

what type of joint is the pubic symphysis joint

cartilaginous

what type of joint is the hip joint (femoroacetabular)

ball and socket, does flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

what is the primary role of the hip joint

to support and distribute body weight, movement of lower limb

ligaments of the hip joint

acetabular labrum, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, and ligamentum teres

what actions do all muscles of the gluteal region do

abduct/rotate the thigh at the hip

what is the primary hip extensor

gluteus maximus

what innervates the gluteus maximus

inferior gluteal nerve

gluteus medius action

primary hip abductor

what innervates gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

superior gluteal nerve

what actions do gluteus medius and gluteus minimus do

hip abduction and medial rotation

what action does tensor fascia latae do

sustains tension on IT band, hip abduction, medial rotation, flexion

what innervates tensor fascia latae

super gluteal nerve

what action does piriformis do

lateral rotation of thigh, abduction of flexed hip

what innervates piriformis

nerve to piriformis

what action does superior gemellus do

lateral rotation of thigh at hip, abduction of flexed hip

what innervates superior gemellus

nerve to obturator internus

what action does obturator internus do

lateral rotation of thigh at hip, abduction of flexed hip

what innervates obturator internus

nerve to obturator internus

what action does inferior gemellus do

lateral rotation of hip, abduction of flexed hip

what innervates the inferior gemellus

nerve to quadratus femoris

what action does quadratus femoris do

lateral rotation of thigh at hip

what innervates quadratus femoris

nerve to quadratus femoris

what are the two bursae that separates gluteus maximus from other structures in the gluteal region

ischial bursae, trochanteric bursae

what are bursae

synovial fluid filled sacks that separate structures from one another to limit friction

ischial bursitis (weaver’s or tailor’s bottom)

inflammation caused by repetitive exercise or prolonged sitting on hard surfaces

trochanteric bursitis

inflammation due to repetitive exercise or aging (lateral hip pain)