Units 1 & 2 - The Middle Ages
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If you gave some of your land to another person, you would be considered their _________.
Lord
killed more than 1/3 of the population in Europe during the Middle Ages
Black Death
Who was at the top of the "Feudal Pyramid"?
Kings & Queens
Why was feudalism created?
Kings were able to ensure loyalty from Lords through payment of land.
When did the Middle Ages begin?
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Who/what controlled much of the land in the Middle Ages?
Churches
Warriors who fought on horseback were called __________.
Knights
Which of the following is most similar to a serf?
A poor farmer
Who held the most power in Feudalism?
The King
Which of the following best describes the Crusades?
A series of war between Christians and Muslims
The Middle Ages were considered to be from the fall of the Roman Empire until the ___________.
Renaissance
Vassal
a person under the protection of the feudal lord.
Lord
Large landowner who owned fiefs and controlled vassals
What is the "Middle Ages" also referred to as?
The Medieval Era
What King introduced Feudalism in the Middle Ages?
Charles the Great (Charlemagne)
Which of the following is most similar to a serf?
A poor farmer
The Pope
The head of the Roman Catholic church.
What is the "Middle Ages" also referred to as?
The Medieval Era
Most people in the Middle Ages were _________.
Peasants
Lord
Large landowner who owned fiefs and controlled vassals
These battles took place to gain the Holy Land from the Muslims
Crusades
This religion spread rapidly through Europe during the Middle Ages.
Christianity
vassal
A person under the protection of the feudal lord.
If you were given land in exchange for your service in the King's army, you would be considered ____________.
Vassal
Warriors who fought on horseback were called __________.
Knights
Feudalism
a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return
manor
a lord's estate
What is a knight?
special warrior; pledged loyalty to their liege lord, promised to be brave in battle and protect the church and those weaker than themselves, and to be courteous to noblewomen.
What controlled much of the land in the Middle Ages?
Churches
The Middle Ages were considered to be from the fall of the Roman Empire until the___________.
Renaissance
What is another name for Bubonic Plague?
Black Death
The class ranking system in the Middle Ages is called__________.
Feudalism
Which of the following is a reason for the start of The Crusades?
Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem
Holy Land
Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught
Peter the Hermit
Monk who led in the People's Crusade. He preached that the Turks needed to be driven out and that Crusaders would go to heaven.
King Richard
King of England who made peace with the Muslim leader, Saladin, in the Third Crusade
Saladin
The leader of the Turks/Muslims in the third crusade, who captured Jerusalem and fought against King Richard
Urban II
Pope who called First Crusade in 1095; gave a speech which asked Christians to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Crusades
A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Children's Crusade
20,000 children expected the Mediterranean Sea to open up so they could march to Jerusalem and beat the Turks. Instead many returned home when the sea didn't open, and 5000 boarded Muslim ships and were sold into slavery.
Who was fighting against who? (in the Crusades)
Christians vs Muslims
Many people joined the First Crusade because ....
the Pope promised them that if they joined they would go to heaven
What was the outcome of the crusades?
They gained new knowledge of other cultures.
What was the symbol of the Crusaders?
Red Cross
The city of Jerusalem is important to what three major religions?
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
The Crusades were mainly fought over control of
Jerusalem
Leader of the 3rd Crusade from England
Richard the Lionheart
Who was successful during the 2nd Crusade?
Muslims
Also known as the Holy City/Holy Land
Jerusalem
The Christians recaptured Jerusalem during the ____ Crusade
1st
Leader of the Muslims during the 3rd Crusade
Saladin
The 2nd Crusade started due to the Christians losing the County of _________
Edessa
What was the term given for a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land?
Crusades
About how long did the Crusades last?
200 years
Who controlled the Holy Land before the Crusades began?
Muslims
Pilgrims
Religious travelers to the holy land. They were afraid they would no longer be safe after the Muslims took over the area
Constantinople
Capital of the Christian Byzantine empire threatened by the expansion of Islam
Excommunicated means....
Kicked out of the church
King Phillip II was from which country
France
At the Concordat of Worms, authority was given to the church to...
Appoint bishops
Heretic means...
someone who speaks out against the church
They punished people for holy reasons
What did the Inquisitors do?
Roman Catholic Church
Largest sect of Christianity. Led by the pope from the Vatican City in Rome. Provided unity within Europe during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
An era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire. Also called the medieval period (or the dark ages). Lasted from 500 - 1500 CE.
The Pope
Today, the Church that is headed by ______ is known as the Roman Catholic Church.
Fief
a plot of land exchanged for loyalty to a ruler
Missionary
person on a journey for the purpose of spreading a particular religious belief.
The word ____ comes from a Greek word meaning foreigner.
barbarian
The Crusades
holy war promoted by Pope Urban II that urged European Christians to take back the holy land of Jerusalem from Arab Muslims
Major purpose of the Crusades
To gain control of Palestine and Jerusalem.
Main goal of the Crusades
Recapture Jerusalem
Who fought in the Crusades?
Muslims and Christians
Religion of the Crusaders
Christianity