Chapter 14 - Success of Pakistan following the Decade of Progress

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

headed the last Constituent Assembly that comprised members elected in the 1970 elections.

Pak USSR relations

relations which were not successful in the 1980s due to Pakistans support of the Afghan Mujahideen with the help of the US.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

headed the last Constituent Assembly that comprised members elected in the 1970 elections.

Pak USSR relations

relations which were not successful in the 1980s due to Pakistans support of the Afghan Mujahideen with the help of the US.

East Pakistan

had become Bangladesh and there was no constitution since March 1969.

Zia

restored the Constitution with the 8th amendment [article 58- 2 (b)] that empowered him to dismiss the elected government and dissolve the assemblies.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

He was inspired by communism and socialism with an aim of ensuring control of the government on sources of production and to improve the standard of living of industrial workers.

Islamabad

In November 1979, the US embassy in was burned down.

Pakistan

was given soft term loans and aid of $ 1.6 billion, £ 1.5 billion and then $ 4.2 billion military and economic aid between 1980 and 1986.

Zakat money

The money distributed among the poor

Karakoram Highway

was completed in 1978 with the Chinese aid.

China

The country Bhutto visited in February 1972.

Iran

gave loans of 730 million dollars, the UAE 100 million dollars and Lybia 80 million dollars.

Blasphemy Law

Law under which a punishment of imprisonment or fine or death sentence was prescribed for those found guilty of showing disrespect to the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Britain

gave a huge aid of 30 million pounds to Pakistan for the welfare of the Afghan refugees.

Soviets Russians

invaded Afghanistan in December 1979, and Pakistan suddenly became important for the US due to its strategic location.

Zakat and Ushr Ordinance of June

Under the 1980, a wealth tax of 2.5 % was levied on the bank savings.

British PM Mrs Margaret Thatcher

was the first Western leader to visit Pakistan during the start of the Afghan War.

Council of Islamic Ideology

The council created to advise the government to make laws according to Islam.

Pak Soviet relations

remained stronger till the downfall of Bhutto in July 1977.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

After the in December 1979, Pakistan became the frontline state to counter the Soviets in Afghanistan.

India

The country Bhutto visited in July 1972 and signed the Simla Agreement with the Indian PM Mrs Indira Gandhi.

Bhutto

paid two visits to Washington to keep cordial relations with the USA.

Zia ul Haq

He visited China in 1986, and a nuclear technology treaty was signed between the two countries.

Pakistan

received heavy US military and economic aid to support the Afghan Mujahideen and to accommodate millions of Afghan refugees.

Bhutto

After the 1971 war, visited Moscow in 1972 and accepted the soviet offer of building a steel mill in Pakistan.

Zia

In 1984, visited Moscow to attend the funeral rites of the Soviet Present Andropov, but was not accorded a warm welcome.

Pakistan

extended humanitarian aid to Bangladesh after severe weather calamities in 1985 and 1988.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

He had a strong vote bank of industrial workers and farmers.

Zia

was received in a cold way when he attended the cremation ceremony of Mrs Indira Gandhi.

Heavy Mechanical Complex

Name of Pakistan’s second iron industry

Afghan-Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement

APTTA stands for

Hudood Ordinances

Under these, Islamic punishment were prescribed for major offences such as Zina/adultery (100 stripes), theft (cutting off the right hand), drinking (80 stripes) and Qazf/false accusation of adultery (80 stripes).

8th amendment

empowered Zia to dismiss the elected government and dissolve the assemblies.

1988

The year in which Geneva Accord was signed

Indira Gandhi

The Indian prime minister assassinated by her Sikh bodyguard in October 1984.

Cricket Diplomacy

Zia paid a surprise visit to India on the pretext of watching a cricket ODI between the two countries. During his visit, he successfully persuaded the Indian leadership to withdraw its army.