psy 270 - quiz 3
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a
Which of the following is an accurate statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Option A
Acute stress disorder was included as a DSM-IV diagnosis so early severe reactions to trauma could receive health insurance coverage for immediate treatment.
Option B
Acute stress disorder is diagnosed instead of PTSD if a person's symptoms begin 6 months or more after the traumatic event.
Option C
PTSD occurs in all individuals who experience a traumatic event.
Option D
Most persons diagnosed with acute stress disorder do not eventually develop PTSD.
b
All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT
Option A
recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable.
Option B
decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
Option C
significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation.
Option D
strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation.
a
Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________.
Option A
cued
Option B
diathesis-originated
Option C
situationally premeditated
Option D
uncued
d
Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as suffering from persistent depressive disorder. Jack's condition is referred to as _______________.
Option A
dysfunctional dysthymia
Option B
atypical depression
Option C
bipolar disorder
Option D
double depression
a
Richard, whose case is described in the textbook, was obsessed with the idea that if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way, he would become possessed. This is an aspect of OCD that is termed ________.
Option A
magical
Option B
demonic
Option C
logical
Option D
symmetrical
b
With regard to treatment of mood disorders, which of the following statements is accurate?
Option A
After a patient has experienced a major depressive episode and recovered, treatment can be discontinued.
Option B
Delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is an important treatment goal.
Option C
Patients do not recover from episodes of major depression without treatment.
Option D
Close to 100% of patients with major depressive disorder respond to drug treatment.
d
Which of the following brain areas is NOT closely associated with anxiety?
Option A
Prefrontal cortex
Option B
Amygdala
Option C
Hippocampus
Option D
Hypothalamus
b
When diagnosing separation anxiety disorder in children, clinicians must
Option A
differentiate between separation anxiety and social anxiety disorder.
Option B
determine whether the anxiety matches that expected for the child’s age.
Option C
be wary for the psychotic episodes that often precipitate this condition.
Option D
consider the various types of medication that will be therapeutically effective.
a
When manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, the disorder most correctly diagnosed would be
Option A
bipolar disorder.
Option B
cyclothymic disorder
Option C
bipolar II disorder
Option D
major depressive disorder.
a
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about a hypomanic manic episode?
Option A
It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Option B
It is not necessarily problematic.
Option C
It need only last 4 days.
Option D
It does contribute to the definition of several mood disorders.
a
During the final interview with Mary on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 7, she is clearly in a manic state with an affect that can be considered inappropriate due to her ________.
Option A
laughing
Option B
constant crying
Option C
wildly excited tone of voice
Option D
lack of eye contact
a
The antidepressant medication lithium is also referred to as a mood stabilizer because it
Option A
helps to prevent manic episodes.
Option B
is less toxic than the SSRI medications.
Option C
increases thyroid functioning, which results in improved mood stabilization.
Option D
increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
b
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Option A
Overwhelming evidence suggests mood disorders are familial and reflect an underlying genetic vulnerability.
Option B
All of the above
Option C
Studies are now beginning to identify a small group of genes that may contribute to genetic vulnerability to some types of depression.
Option D
The genetic contribution to depression falls in the range of approximately 40% for females and 20% for males.
c
All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT
Option A
for those patients who respond to lithium, approximately 70% will relapse.
Option B
people stop taking lithium to regain the euphoric feeling that mania produces.
Option C
once a person is symptom-free for 6 months, he/she may stop taking lithium.
Option D
for anyone with recurrent manic episodes, maintenance on lithium is recommended to prevent relapse.
d
One of the problems encountered by psychiatrists who prescribe medication for patients with bipolar disorder is that patients often
Option A
become addicted to the medications during a severe manic state.
Option B
overdose on the medication during a severe manic state.
Option C
stop taking the medication in order to bring on a depressive state.
Option D
stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state.
d
The overall prevalence for body dysmorphic disorder in the general population is about ________.
Option A
4.7%
Option B
10.3%
Option C
7.9%
Option D
2.2%
d
According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways?
Option A
In certain conditions, being told about danger
Option B
Observing someone else experience severe fear
Option C
Experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation
Option D
Having a nightmare about a feared situation
a
In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyofusho involves a fear of
Option A
personally offending others.
Option B
speaking to females.
Option C
performing onstage.
Option D
embarrassing oneself.
a
An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become __________.
Option A
conditioned stimuli
Option B
unconditioned stimuli
Option C
conditioned responses
Option D
unconditioned responses
c
During a panic attack, Steve (“Abnormal Psychology Live” CD), said that he felt all of the following EXCEPT
Option A
as though he had a knot in his chest.
Option B
lightheaded.
Option C
sick to his stomach.
Option D
like he had swallowed something.
d
Milton has been mildly depressed for many years. Just recently, however, his depression deepened, and he was severely depressed for about three months. His deep depression then lifted and he was once again mildly depressed. Milton
Option A
will require treatment for the rest of his life.
Option B
will quickly respond to treatment and will recover completely from his depression.
Option C
will be easier to treat now that the severe depression is resolved.
Option D
will require a longer and more intense course of treatment to maintain a normal mood state.
a
Which type of compulsion has the highest prevalence rate?
Option A
Cleaning and contamination
Option B
Symmetry
Option C
Hoarding
Option D
Forbidden thoughts or actions
d
In what way is worry not useful?
Option A
It makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip.
Option B
It helps us plan for the future.
Option C
It makes sure we are prepared for a task.
Option D
It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events.
c
Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience
Option A
full manic episodes.
Option B
both manic and hypomanic episodes.
Option C
hypomanic episodes.
Option D
neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.
c
In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes to untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?
Option A
Manic episodes generally last longer.
Option B
Both types of episodes typically last about the same amount of time.
Option C
Depressive episodes generally last longer.
Option D
This comparison cannot be made because depressive episodes are always treated.
a
Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium, where he had previously had a panic attack. He did not know if he would have a panic attack today, but shortly after entering the stadium, he did. This type of panic attack is ____________.
Option A
cued
Option B
uncued
Option C
environmentally predisposed
Option D
situationally bound
a
The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder occurs in the late fall and ends with the beginning of spring. This type of depression is known as __________.
Option A
seasonal affective disorder
Option B
recurrent
Option C
melancholic
Option D
postpartum
d
The rapid-cycling specifier refers to an individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least ___ manic or depressive episodes in a year.
Option A
6
Option B
2
Option C
8
Option D
4
b
When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably
Option A
has more depressive episodes.
Option B
would be considered "moody."
Option C
has full manic episodes.
Option D
cannot function normally at all.
d
Prior to the DSM-III, conditions that are currently characterized as mood disorders were referred to by several different names, including all of the following EXCEPT
Option A
affective disorders.
Option B
depressive disorders.
Option C
depressive neuroses.
Option D
psychotic episodes.
d
What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow's clinics?
Option A
Traditional exposure-based treatments result in a higher rate of cures
Option B
Exposure to the interceptive sensations associated with panic attacks
Option C
Referral to a psychiatrist for medication monitoring
Option D
As part of PCT, the therapist accompanies the patient on "reality testing" activities
d
The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder occurs in the late fall and ends with the beginning of spring. This type of depression is known as __________.
Option A
melancholic
Option B
postpartum
Option C
recurrent
Option D
seasonal affective disorder
c
All of the following are accurate statements about the prevalence of mood disorders in children and adolescents EXCEPT
Option A
Bipolar disorder in children is often misdiagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Option B
Major depressive disorder in adolescents is largely a female disorder.
Option C
Rates of attempted suicide decrease during adolescence.
Option D
Adolescents with bipolar disorder may become aggressive, impulsive, sexually provocative and accident-prone.
b
Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?
Option A
Tricyclics work within 24 hours after they are ingested.
Option B
They can be accompanied by very unpleasant side effects.
Option C
Weight loss is a side effect of taking a tricyclic.
Option D
Tricyclics block the reuptake of acetylcholine.
c
The setting for posttraumatic stress disorder to occur follows an experience accompanied by a triad of feelings, including all of the following EXCEPT _______.
Option A
horror
Option B
fear
Option C
paranoia
Option D
helplessness
d
Prevention of mood disorders in children and adolescents include all of the following except
Option A
indicated interventions.
Option B
universal programs.
Option C
selected interventions.
Option D
milieu interventions.
d
Although glorifying and romanticizing suicide in the media contributes to copycat suicides, it is more likely that the person copying the suicide is
Option A
trying to impress others.
Option B
just doing it for attention.
Option C
not really serious about the suicide attempt.
Option D
vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder.
a
A major double-blind research study sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health looked at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments for patients suffering from panic disorder. Participants were randomized into five different treatment conditions, including all but which of the following?
Option A
deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation
Option B
psychological treatment alone (PCT)
Option C
placebo alone
Option D
combined drug and psychological treatment
b
In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to _________ as the crucial factor in depression.
Option A
repressed anger
Option B
a sense of hopelessness
Option C
lack of control
Option D
a feeling of failure
a
A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents, which may result in refusal to leave home is called
Option A
separation anxiety disorder.
Option B
situational phobia.
Option C
globus hystericus.
Option D
school phobia.
b
A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is your diagnosis of Manny?
Option A
Hypomanic episode
Option B
Manic episode
Option C
Postpartum psychosis
Option D
Major depressive episode
a
Side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants include _______________.
Option A
sexual dysfunction
Option B
diarrhea
Option C
excessive urination
Option D
weight loss
d
In studies of bipolar patients who experience rapid cycling, it has been found that from 60% to 90% are _________.
Option A
adolescents
Option B
elderly
Option C
male
Option D
female
a
____________ is characterized by apprehension because of future unpredictability, whereas ____________ is characterized by strong escapist tendencies.
Option A
Anxiety; fear
Option B
neuroses; psychoses
Option C
Psychoses; neuroses
Option D
Fear; anxiety
d
According to several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook, the prevalence of OCD is
Option A
higher in Africa nations.
Option B
virtually nonexistent in some cultures.
Option C
lower in European countries.
Option D
very similar across cultures.
a
The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in panic control treatment therapy is to
Option A
allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation.
Option B
force the panic attacks into the unconscious.
Option C
convince the patient that panic attacks are not real.
Option D
help patients identify what makes them panic
a
At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder, _________ of patients should have at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder.
Option A
55%
Option B
75%
Option C
15%
Option D
25%
b
In regard to most disorders, serotonin is thought to
Option A
function independently of other neurotransmitters.
Option B
regulate other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine.
Option C
be unrelated to symptoms.
Option D
none of the above
a
The model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder suggests that in order for an individual to develop OCD, __________ must be present.
Option A
both biological and psychological vulnerabilities
Option B
psychological vulnerability
Option C
neither biological nor psychological vulnerabilities
Option D
biological vulnerability
b
Unipolar mania
Option A
does not exist.
Option B
is rare.
Option C
is fairly common.
Option D
is a part of bipolar disorder.
a
The less severe but more chronic version of bipolar disorder is called __________ disorder.
Option A
cyclothymic
Option B
bipolar III
Option C
dysphoric
Option D
seasonal affective
b
Research suggests that people with GAD worry
Option A
with images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
Option B
without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
Option C
without images to magnify the associated negative affect.
Option D
with images to magnify the associated negative affect.
b
An effective treatment for SAD is
Option A
exposure to bright light in the evening.
Option B
exposure to bright light shortly after awakening.
Option C
exposure to a negative ion generator in the evening.
Option D
exposure to a negative ion generator shortly after awakening.
a
Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will
Option A
probably have several episodes throughout their lives.
Option B
never have another episode.
Option C
most likely have just one more episode.
Option D
later have a manic episode.
a
A child raised by depressed parents is likely to
Option A
struggle with depression as well.
Option B
learn how to avoid depression.
Option C
deny stress symptoms.
Option D
be inoculated against depression.
d
With regard to the relationship between mood disorders and suicide, which of the following statements reflects the current thinking on this issue?
Option A
A small percentage of adolescent suicides are an expression of severe depression.
Option B
Suicide is generally a response to some disappointment in people who are otherwise psychologically healthy.
Option C
All people who attempt suicide have mood disorders.
Option D
Suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression.
a
Although grieving is considered a normal process, it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which of the following cases would NOT be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction?
Option A
Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog "to help her get over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it would be impossible to replace her beloved "Toto."
Option B
Dr. D's wife died a few months ago. Recently, in addition to his depressive symptoms, he has been having paranoid delusions in which he believes that certain unnamed individuals are planning to remove his wife's body from the grave.
Option C
Miss B. has experienced the death of a close friend. She is so depressed that she has no appetite, no energy, and is suicidal.
Option D
Mr. A experienced a death in his family. In addition to symptoms of depression, he has been having auditory hallucinations in which he hears other deceased people talking to him.
a
Because people with body dysmorphic disorder often complain of persistent, intrusive, and horrible thoughts about their appearance, this condition is believed to be closely related to ________ disorder.
Option A
obsessive-compulsive
Option B
functional neurological symptom
Option C
brief psychotic
Option D
social anxiety
a
When individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high-risk stressful environments, it is called
Option A
the gene-environment correlation model.
Option B
humoral theory.
Option C
the cognitive-behavioral model.
Option D
a stress-depression linkage effect.
b
Barlow and others (1992) developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD that helps the patient
Option A
adjust medication levels as needed to cope with the anxiety.
Option B
confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images.
Option C
avoid feelings of anxiety as well as the negative images associated with those feelings.
Option D
analyze the unconscious sources of the anxiety.
a
During Evelyn's final interview on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 7, she describes the experience of starting to feel better as
Option A
beginning to see some light.
Option B
having fewer suicidal thoughts.
Option C
wanting to go home.
Option D
being lifted above the depths of despair.
b
A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for
Option A
posttraumatic stress disorder.
Option B
panic disorder.
Option C
specific phobia.
Option D
social phobia.
a
You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know
Option A
the child's age.
Option B
how long the child has shown this behavior.
Option C
whether the child is a boy or a girl.
Option D
if other family members have anxiety disorders.
a
Overall it can be concluded that the combination of medical and psychological interventions for anxiety work
Option A
better than the individual treatments alone.
Option B
only as well as the individual psychological treatments.
Option C
worse in combination.
Option D
only as well as the individual medical treatments.
a
Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?
Option A
An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.
Option B
Panic disorder does not "run in families."
Option C
Stress is a direct cause of panic disorder.
Option D
A single gene makes us vulnerable to anxiety.
b
Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is _____.
Option A
12-15
Option B
4-7
Option C
2-3
Option D
8-11
b
During the interview with Chuck ("Abnormal Psychology Live" CD), he stated that he experienced obsessive thoughts
Option A
hardly ever.
Option B
all the time.
Option C
several times a day.
Option D
only when he was stressed.
a
Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety disorders?
Option A
Having an anxiety disorder might contribute to a physical disorder such as arthritis.
Option B
Major depress occurs in 65% of the cases of people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
Option C
The most common additional diagnosis for all anxiety disorders was alcoholism.
Option D
Having an anxiety disorder along with depression has no effect on the recovery rate.
b
Andy is currently completing a chemical formula that he knows will cure cancer. Shortly before, he had submitted a book to a publisher and was sure that it would become a bestseller. For several weeks prior to this, he was bedridden, morose, had no energy, and lacked any spontaneity. He never left his bed and had to be cared for by his family. Andy's diagnosis is ________________.
Option A
persistent depressive disorder
Option B
bipolar I disorder
Option C
bipolar II disorder
Option D
major depressive disorder
a
Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT
Option A
low value placed on intimate relationships.
Option B
self-blame for being depressed.
Option C
culturally induced dependence and passivity.
Option D
sense of uncontrollability and helplessness.
a
All of the following statements are true about ECT EXCEPT
Option A
for severely depressed patients with psychotic features, approximately 25% of those not responding to medication will benefit.
Option B
patient response to antidepressant medication is poor.
Option C
electric shock is administered directly to the brain for less than a second.
Option D
ECT treatments are administered every other day for a total of 6 to 10 treatments.
a
An observation has been made between children presenting with OCD and tics after a bout of strep throat. The resulting syndrome was called
Option A
Pediatric Autoimmune Disorder associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS).
Option B
Tic Activated by Strep Throat Exemplar (TASTE).
Option C
Strep Throat Acquired Compulsive Disorder (STACD).
Option D
Streptococcal Caused Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (SCOCD).
b
When used in connection with mood disorders, "flight of ideas" means
Option A
repression of all creative ideas.
Option B
rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once.
Option C
anxiety about airplane travel.
Option D
limited imagination reflected in a slow way of speaking.
b
Cross-cultural research indicates that, due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among ________.
Option A
Asian Americans
Option B
Native Americans
Option C
Hispanic Americans
Option D
African Americans
b
In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?
Option A
Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary.
Option B
Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.
Option C
Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.
Option D
Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting.
a
According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression.
Option A
cognitive
Option B
behavioral
Option C
biological
Option D
sociological
d
Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are ________.
Option A
more severe
Option B
episodic
Option C
temporary
Option D
longer-lasting
d
Interpersonal psychotherapy deals with all of the following interpersonal problems EXCEPT
Option A
interpersonal role disputes.
Option B
acquiring new relationships.
Option C
identification and correction of deficits in social skills.
Option D
environmental interactions.
d
Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to
Option A
genetic or biological factors only.
Option B
the number of siblings in one's family.
Option C
the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life.
Option D
one's sense of control over environmental events.
b
Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they
Option A
never let them experience adversity.
Option B
let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.
Option C
cope for the child as much as possible.
Option D
teach independence by ignoring the child’s needs.