chapter 1

alveol/o

alveolus; air sac

arthr/o

joint

aur/o

ear

bi/o

life

cardi/o

heart

caud/o

tail

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

col/o, colon/o

colon; large intestine

cost/o

rib

cutane/o

skin

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

gastr/o

stomach

glyc/o

sugar; glucose

hem/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

lip/o

fat

log/o

study

my/o

muscle

nas/o

nose

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

or/o

mouth

oste/o

bone

path/o

disease

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

thorac/o

chest

uter/o

uterus

a-, an-

not; without

ante-

before

anti-

against

bi-

two; both

brady-

slow

endo-

in; within

epi-

on; over; upon

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive (quantity)

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

inter-

between

intra-

within; into

peri-

around; surrounding

sub-

below; under

supra-

above (location)

tachy-

fast

trans-

across

ultra-

beyond; excess (intensity/extremity)

-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -iac, -ial, -ic, -ical, -ior

(9) pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-emia

blood condition

-gen

substance that produces

-ia

condition

-ine

a substance (noun) pertaining to (adjective)

-itis

inflammation

-logist

specialist (one who studies)

-logy

study of

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor; mass

-osis

process; abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-plasty

surgical repair

-stomy

surgical opening

-tomy

process of cutting; incision

-um

structure; tissue; thing

etiology

the study of the causes of pathological conditions, diseases, or disorders

condition

acute health issues

disease

chronic health issues

autoimmune

Abnormal condition, immune system produces antibodies against (attacks) its own tissues

benign

Nonrecurring; nonmalignant; noncancerous tumors (growths) in which the patient has a good chance of survival

congenital

A condition present at birth and may be the result of either genetic or environmental factors

convalescence

A period of gradual recovery after illness or injury.

debilitating

Having a weakening or fatiguing effect.

endemic

A disease that is ongoing and restricted to a specific population, group, or area of land

endogenous

injury or condition originating within the body; circulatory, diabetes, and immune system disorders

epidemic

A sudden, widespread outbreak of a disease within a population, group, or area of land.

exogenous

An injury or condition originating outside the body; trauma, chemical injury, or infection by an airborne pathogen

genetic

inherited; passed from parents

hypersensitivity

Condition- body’s immune system has exaggerated response to an antigen, a harmful or perceivably harmful; allergy.

iatrogenic

infection or disease that arises as a complication of medical or surgical intervention; ex radiation and chemotherapy produce the iatrogenic effects of nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and anemia.

idiopathic

A disease that has an unknown etiology (cause).

immunological

Pertaining to a reaction between an antigen and an antibody, a protein that the body makes in response to an antigen.

infectious

capable of causing an infection

inflammatory

Marked by inflammation (redness, heat, fever, and swelling) or caused by inflammation.

ischemic

A condition or disease caused by a temporary deficiency in blood flow to an organ or tissue; for example, an ischemic stroke

malaise

A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness.

malignant

Used to describe cancers that tend to spread, get progressively worse, and become life threatening.

metabolic

disorder that interferes w normal metabolism, chemical processes converting food to energy and in sustaining life; diabetes

metastasis

Beyond standing still (spread of cancer beyond its borders).

neoplastic

A new, abnormal growth that may be cancerous or noncancerous.

nosocomial

infection acquired in a hospital setting that was not present upon admission; pneumonia

nutritional

Relating to chemical processes in the body that occur after ingesting (eating) food.

opportunistic

pathogen that normally does not cause a disease unless the immune system is in a weakened state; ex AIDS ppl are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections

pandemic

A disease that spreads over most of the world, COVID-19

prophylaxis

For prevention.

syndrome

A set of signs or symptoms that occur together as part of a disease process.

terminal

A disease for which there are treatments, but no cure; fatal (certain malignant cancers)

manifestation

the way a disease presents itself

signs

visible, objective observations