Psyc Exam 5-Ch 12&14

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called

prejudice

is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

Group polarization

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating

the fundamental attribution error

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when the correct choice is unclear

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called

scapegoating

holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or

temperaments.

Dispositionism

The ____ Hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

just-world

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the

effect.

Asch

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the of how to behave in this particular situation.

script

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist

Philip Zimbardo

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of social influence.

normative

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the

route, they rely on factors

unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

peripheral

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when the correct choice is unclear

holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or

temperaments.

Dispositionism

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating

the fundamental attribution error

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the

response.

fight-or-flight

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of

social support

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called

lymphocytes

is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ____ stressor.

chronic

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ___ rather than a ____.

challenge; threat

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation svndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicola begins to develop stomach ulcers.

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of

social support

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a impact negative

physiological

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences

less stress than someone who has no effective options

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type behavior pattern.

B

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from

posttraumatic stress disorder

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________.

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions.

confederate

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

flow

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

Death of a spouse

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material