chapter 6

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51 Terms

1

Organ

Two or more types of tissues grouped together and performing specialized functions constitute an organ

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2

Integumentary System

The skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors) make up the integumentary system

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3

Epidermis

Outer layer of the skin, composed of startified squamous epithelium, resting on a basement membrane

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4

Dermis

Deeper layer of the skin, thicker than the epidermis, composed of connective tissue containing collagenous and elastic fibers

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5

Subcutaneous Layer

Layer beneath the dermis, consisting of areolar and adipose connective tissue, not considered part of the skin but contains blood vessels that supply the skin

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6

Keratinization

Process of hardening, dehydration, and keratin accumulation in epidermal cells as they migrate outward

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7

Keratin

Tough, fibrous, waterproof protein made and stored in the cells of the epidermis

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8

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead, keratinized cells

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9

Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis, also known as the basal cell layer, containing cuboidal or columnar cells that divide and grow

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10

Melanocytes

Cells located in the stratum basale that produce the dark pigment melanin, which absorbs UV light and provides skin color

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11

Melanin

Pigment determining skin color

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12

Albinos

Individuals lacking melanin

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13

UV Light

Radiation affecting skin color

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14

Carotene

Pigment from diet affecting skin color

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15

Cyanosis

Bluish skin from low oxygenation

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16

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels

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17

Vasoconstriction

Constriction of blood vessels

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18

Jaundice

Yellowing of skin from liver issues

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19

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Skin cancer from epithelial cells

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20

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin cancer from epithelial cells

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21

Melanomas

Skin cancer from melanocytes

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22

Dermal Papillae

Structures binding epidermis and dermis

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23

Papillary Layer

Superficial dermis layer with areolar tissue

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24

Reticular Layer

Deeper dermis layer with dense tissue

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25

Hair Follicles

Structures producing hair on skin

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26

Nails

Protective coverings on fingers and toes

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27

Hair Bulb

Base of hair follicle with dividing cells

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28

Hair Root

Part of hair follicle anchoring hair

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29

Hair Shaft

Visible part of hair made of dead cells

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30

Arrector Pili Muscle

Muscle causing goosebumps

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31

Sebaceous Glands

Glands producing sebum for skin and hair

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32

Acne Vulgaris

Sebaceous gland disorder causing acne

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33

Sweat Glands

Glands producing sweat for body temperature regulation

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34

Evaporation

Process where sweat changes into a gas, carrying heat away

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35

Thermoreceptors

Sensory receptors detecting changes in temperature

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36

Hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature causing weakness and dizziness

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37

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature leading to confusion and lethargy

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38

Shivering

Involuntary muscle contractions to generate heat

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39

Homeostasis

Body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions

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40

Vasodilation Collapse

Extreme widening of blood vessels leading to potential cardiovascular failure

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41

Fever

Elevated body temperature to fight infection

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42

Inflammation

Body's response to injury, restricting infection spread

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43

Phagocytes

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens

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44

Pyrogens

Substances causing fever by raising the body's set point

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45

Healing Process

Series of events including clot formation, tissue repair, and scar formation

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46

Scar Formation

Excess collagen fibers forming an elevated mass after wound healing

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47

Burn Classification

Categorization based on the depth and severity of skin damage

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48

Rule of Nines

Method to estimate extent of burn injuries for treatment planning

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49

Aging Effects on Skin

Changes like thinning, dryness, and decreased sensory receptors

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50

Melanin Production

Process slowing down with age, leading to whitening of hair

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51

Vitamin D Production

Decreases with age due to reduced sun exposure

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