6th grade Grammar

Noun

Name people, places,things, or ideas, such as grandfather, peacock, kitchen, etc.

Proper nouns

Name particular people, places, things, or ideas. They are always capitalized.

For example, William Loman, Islam, Zaire, Machu Picchu and Barack Obama.

Collective nouns

Name groups. The singular form is sometimes considered singular and sometimes plural.

For example, committee or choir.

Abstract noun

Ideas, qualities, or characteristic.

For example, fear, spirit, love, and kindness.

Verb

Express action, state, or a relation between two things, and that may be inflected for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and to show agreement with their subject or object.

For example, the woman holds the balloons in her hands on the beach.

Linking Verbs

Connect the subject of a sentence with words or groups of words that identify or describe it. For example, tomorrow will be bright and sunny.

Helping Verbs

Always comes before an action or linking verb. Examples include: is, be, am, are, was, were, been, being, etc

Adjectives

Modify nouns and pronouns. For example, the man has a blue jacket on.

Comparative adjectives

Are used when comparing two nouns. For example, The brown cat is older, than the black cat. My house is bigger than my sister's house. The man is bigger than the woman.

Superlative adjectives

Are used to compare at least 3 things or 3 groups of things. For example, I am in the smallest class in the school. The car at the end of the street is the nicest.

Adverbs

Modify verbs and adjectives.

Examples: run quickly, deeply embarrassed, Quite nicely, rather handsome., and just barely.

Prepositions

Shows relationship of nouns and pronoun to other words in the sentence. These relationship often indicate space or time.

In the closet, after lunch, outside the perimeter.

Action Verb

Describe physical or mental action, such as jog, smile, think, and worry.

For example, Wolverine fights the bad guys.

Transitive Verb

Are action verbs followed by words that answer what? or whom?

Jack made his own cake.

Compound prepositions

Consist of more than one word in showing relationships of noun, and pronouns to other words in a sentence. According to the law, on top of the old Smokey, and out of the ordinary are all compound prepositions.

Subordinating Conjuctions

Join two clauses so that one clause depends grammatically upon the other.

Common nouns

Are general names of people,places, things, etc. For example, fire fighter, coffee shop, waiter, boy, and area. They do not start with a capital letter unless they are at the beginning of the sentence.

Colons

this is primarily used to introduce information. It can start lists also

Example:

"There were several things that Susan had to get at the store: bread, cereal, lettuce, and tomatoes."

semicolons

these are used like "super commas". They show a stronger stop than a comma doe, but are not the same as a period. Semicolons are primarily used to separate independent clauses. They can also be used in a lists if one or more element in the list is itself made up of a smaller list.

Example:

"Chris went to the shore; he bought chips and salsa."

Commas

the most commonly used punctuation mark in English. Commas can break the flow of writing to give it a more natural sounding style, and they are the main punctuation mark used to separate ideas. Commas also separate lists, introductory adverbs, introductory prepositional phrases, dates, and addresses.

Pronouns

takes the place of a noun

Nominative pronoun

I, you, he, she, it, they, and we. These are the pronouns that are usually the subject of a sentence - and they do the action in that sentence

Objective Pronoun

is a type of personal pronoun that is normally used as a grammatical object, either as the direct or indirect object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition. These pronouns always take the objective case, whether they are indirect object pronouns or direct object pronouns.

Possessive pronoun

pronoun indicating ownership, for example mine, yours, hers, theirs.

Articles

a, an, the

Conjunctions

joins words, phrases, or clauses

Coordinating Conjunction

FANBOYS, For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

subordinating conjunction

starts and adverb dependent clause, will be followed by a subject and a verb

Correlating conjunction

either member of a matched pair of words, of which the second is a coordinating conjunction, as either ... or, neither ... nor, both ... and, or not only ... but.

helping verb

always comes before the action verb. is, am, be, being, been, etc. Assists the action verb

linking verb

connects two words together. Connects the subject to a discriptor/modifier

Simple subject

the who or what completing the verb

complete subject

the who or what completing the verb plus all of its modifiers

simple predicate/verb

the verb in the sentence

complete predicate/verb

the verb in the sentence plus all of its modifiers such as adverbs, adverb prepositional phrases, the direct object...

Direct object

comes after a transitive verb, answers the who or what of the verb

transitive verb

to find, say subject + verb who or what?

intransitive verb

will not answer who or what of the verb, answers everything else such as where, when, how, or there is nothing after the verb at all

object of the preposition

answers the who or what of the preposition. To find, say preposition who or what. Ex: To who or what? To the store.

Propositional phrase

the preposition plus its object and any modifiers.

Independent clause

has a subject and a verb and can stand alone

dependent clause

has a subject and a verb, but relies on the rest of the sentence to make sense. Cannot stand alone.

simple sentence

one independent clause

compound sentence

two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction

complex sentence

one independent clause plus one or more dependent clauses

declarative sentence

makes a statement, ends in a period

interrogative sentence

asks a questions

imperative sentence

gives a command

exclamatory sentence

espresses strong feelings and ends with an exclamation point.