body systems: digestive

mouth

opening that is the beginning of the digestive system

pharynx

throat

esophagus

tube that carries food to the stomach

stomach

organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the intestine

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

jejunum

second part of the small intestine

ileum

third part of the small intestine

colon

large intestine

sigmoid colon

S-shaped lower portion of the large intestine

rectum

final section of the colon

anus

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

appendix

small sac that hangs from the beginning of the large intestine

liver

organ that makes bile, stores sugar, and produces proteins to clot blood

gallbladder

sac that stores bile

common bile duct

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

pancreas

gland that makes both digestive juices and insulin (hormone)

gastr-/o

stomach

col-/o; colon/o

colon (large intestine)

proct-/o

anus and rectum

cholecyst-/o

gallbladder

pharyng-/o

throat

or-/o; stomat-/o

mouth

hepat-/o

liver

duoden-/o

first part of the small intestine (duodenum)

ile-/o

third part of the small intestine (ileum)

pancreat-/o

endocrine and exocrine gland near the stomach (pancreas)

hepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

cholecystectomy

removal of the gallbladder

proctoscopy

visual examination of the anus and rectum

ileostomy

new opening of the third part of the small intestine to the outside of the body

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

gastrojejunostomy

new opening between the stomach and second part of the small intestine

pancreatitis

inflammation of a gland adjacent to the stomach

duodenal

pertaining to the first part of the small intestine

esophageal

pertaining to the tube leading from the throat to the stomach

gastralgia

pain of the stomach

an-/o

anus

append-/o; appendic-/o

appendix

esophag-/o

esophagus

jejun-/o

jejumum

rect-/o

rectum

sigmoid-/o

sigmoid colon

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

cirrhosis

chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells

cholelithiasis

abnormal condition of gallstones

colonic polyposis

small growths protrude from the mucous membrane lining the intestine

jaundice

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

ulcerative colitis and Crohn diease

diverticulosis

abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs in the wall of the intestine

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

signs and symptoms of GI distress, but no lesions found in the GI tract

hepatocellular carcinoma

primary cancer of the liver

gastroesophageal reflux disease

contents of the stomach flow backwards into the esophagus