Judiciary and Supreme Court Overview

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the judiciary, particularly focusing on the Supreme Court, its powers, decisions, and judicial philosophies.

Judiciary

The judicial system of a country, including the Supreme Court and other courts.

Marbury vs. Madison

A landmark case that clarified the power of the courts and established the principle of judicial review.

Judicial Review

The power of courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the Constitution.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation passed by Congress that established the federal judiciary system.

Life Terms for Justices

Justices are appointed for life to ensure independence from public pressures.

Original Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to hear cases for the first time.

Appellate Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.

Writ of Certiorari

An order by which a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court.

Rule of Four

A principle stating that four justices must agree to grant a writ of certiorari.

Judicial Activism

Judges interpret the Constitution based on personal beliefs and societal needs.

Judicial Restraint

Judges defer to the decisions of elected branches unless there's a clear constitutional violation.

Amicus Curiae

A brief submitted by a third party not directly involved in the case, offering information or insight.

Per Curiam Opinion

An opinion issued in the name of the Court rather than specific justices.

In Forma Pauperis

A legal status that allows a party to waive court fees due to inability to pay.

Activist Judges

Judges who frequently declare laws unconstitutional and shape judicial doctrine.

Standing

The legal right to initiate a lawsuit.

Class Action Suit

A legal action brought by a group of people with similar claims against a defendant.

Statutory Construction

The process of interpreting the meaning of legislation.