Sejong Korean 1A Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary and grammar flashcards based on Sejong Korean 1A textbook and supplemental lecture notes, covering historical background, Hangeul mechanics, classroom expressions, and foundational grammar rules.

King Sejong

The fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty who created the Korean writing system Hangeul in $1443$.

Hunminjeongeum (훈민정음)

The original name of the Hangeul writing system, developed to help people who struggled with illiteracy.

Korean Language Usage Statistics

About $90$ million speakers worldwide, including $82$ million on the Korean Peninsula and over $8$ million abroad; ranked as the $20^{th}$ most popular language globally.

Hangeul Composition

A writing system described by $19$ consonants and $21$ vowels.

The Three Basic Elements of Vowels

The symbols '.' (sky), '—' (earth), and 'I' (human being) which serve as the origin of all things in Hangeul vowel construction.

Basic Consonants (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅅ, ㅇ)

Letters formed after the shapes or movements of vocal organs such as the tongue, lips, teeth, and throat.

Batchim (받침)

A final consonant in a Hangeul letter that comes after the vowel.

Double Consonants (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ)

Consonants produced with no strong airflow, sounding short, strong, and 'tight' with more tension in the throat and mouth.

Geunjeongjeon Hall

The central building of Gyeongbokgung Palace used for national ceremonies and foreign envoys during the Joseon Dynasty.

Annyeong-hi gyeseyo (안녕히 계세요)

Korean greeting for 'Goodbye' said to a person who is staying.

Annyeong-hi gaseyo (안녕히 가세요)

Korean greeting for 'Goodbye' said to a person who is leaving.

Deureuseyo (들으세요)

Classroom expression meaning 'Listen.'

Sseuseyo (쓰세요)

Classroom expression meaning 'Write.'

Ie-yo / Ye-yo (이에요/예요)

Grammar attached to the end of a noun to describe/identify the noun; equivalent to 'is/am/are.'

Eun / Neun (은/는)

The topic marker attached to the end of a noun to indicate the subject or topic of the sentence.

I / Ga (이/가)

The subject marker attached to the end of a noun to indicate the subject of the sentence.

I / Ga anieyo (이/가 아니에요)

Negating grammar attached to a noun meaning 'is not.'

Hanja-eo (Sino-Korean) Numbers

Number system used for phone numbers, minutes, months, and prices (e.g., il, i, sam, sa).

Goyu-eo (Native Korean) Numbers

Number system used for hours and counting items/people/animals (e.g., hana, dul, set, net).

Unit Noun: Gae (개)

A counting unit used for general objects.

Unit Noun: Myeong (명)

A counting unit used for people.

Unit Noun: Mari (마리)

A counting unit used for animals.

I, Geu, Jeo (이, 그, 저)

Demonstratives used before nouns: 'I' (near speaker), 'Geu' (near listener), and 'Jeo' (far from both).

E itda / e eupda (에 있다/없다)

Phrases used to indicate the location of a noun or the presence/absence of something.

Ayo / Oyo (-아요/어요)

Polite verb or adjective endings used to describe an action or state of being.

Eul / Reul (을/를)

Object markers attached to the end of a noun to indicate the object of the sentence.

E gada (에 가다)

Phrase expressing direction or movement towards a destination.

Hago (하고)

Conjunction meaning 'and' or 'with' used to connect two nouns.

An (안)

Negation placement before a verb or adjective to express the opposite meaning.

ㅂ Irregular

Conjugation rule where verb/adjective stems ending in 'ㅂ' change 'ㅂ' to '우' when followed by a vowel.

At / Eot (-았/었-)

Suffix combined with a verb or adjective to describe an action or state in the past.

Go sipda (-고 싶다)

Grammar combined with a verb to express wishes or hopes.

-(eu)l kkayo? (-(으)ㄹ까요?)

Grammar used to suggest an action or ask the listener's opinion.

Kkokkiri (코끼리)

Korean vocabulary term for 'Elephant.'

Kkori (꼬리)

Korean vocabulary term for 'Tail.'

Heoriddi (허리띠)

Korean vocabulary term for 'Belt.'

Jjigae (찌개)

Korean vocabulary term for 'Stew.'

Hangugeo (한국어)

The formal name for the Korean language.

Hallyu (한류)

The 'Korean Wave' referring to the global spread of Korean culture.

King Sejong Institute (세종학당)

Korea's representative overseas institution for Korean language and culture education, with $244$ locations in $84$ countries as of $2022$.