architecture appreciation test 4 briar jones

brion cemetery

designed by Carlo Scarpa

Terviso, Italy

tadao ando

self taught Japanese architect (began as carpenter's apprentice) that combines modernism with traditional Japanese aesthetics (traveled extensively to study architecture)

Elizabeth diller and richard scofidio

both educated at Copper Union in New York; began by constructing "Guerrilla Architecture" on vacant land; received "Genius" grant in 1999 from MacArthur Fellows Program

Elizabeth diller and Richard scofidio built

who built this building (the Blur building which is a Swedish expo building) and the high line in NY

Sir Norman Foster

who built the Hong Kong Bank, Carre' d' Art- Nimes, France, London City Hall, and the Reichstag Dome(shown here); School of Architecture University of Manchester; Graduate school Yale; furniture design

frank gehry

who built the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao(shown here), the Experience Music Project in seatle, the Gehry House, and the George Ohr Museum in Biloxi, Mississippi; opened his own firm at age 33; furniture design; graduate school at Harvard (urban planning), born in Canada

Zaha Hadid

who built the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati and the vitra fire station (shown here), born in Baghdad, trained as mathematician, deconstructivist, colorful drawings

zaha hadid

who used deconstruction in their commissions; colorful drawings, paintings, and computer models; designs buildings that look like they have exploded; defying gravity and a single point of view (contemporary arts center shown here)

herzog and de meuron

childhood friends who built the Gallery of Modern Art in London, and the National Olympic Stadium in Beijing aka "The Bird Nest" (shown here) and practiced in Basil, Switzerland

Rem Koolhaas

Dutch, who built the Prada Stores and the Educatorium in Utrech (shown here) , the Netherlands; major publications include the Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan and Oma, S,M,L,XL.

Daniel Libeskind

Polish gained US citizenship, who built the Jewish Museum in Berlin(shown here), the Imperial War Museum in Manchester, the Jewish Museum in San Francisco, the Denver Art Museum, and the Freedom Tower in New York City

Jean Nouvel

who remodeled the Lyon Opera House, and designed the Cultural and Congress Center in Lucerne, Switzerland; French Architect educated at the Ecole d' Beaux Arts in Paris

Renzo Piano

Italian, who built the Pompidou Center in Paris(shown here), the Menil Museum in Houston, Texas, and the Shard in London; pushed limits of building technology and maintains control from design through construction; early partnership with Richard rogers

The Shard

London, tallest building in the EU

feng shui

concept of orientation that harmonizes with nature and has positive energy (chi)

wood

what resource did chinese architecture have a lot of

timber

what are important structures made up of in chinese architecture

modular

walls are ____ in chinese architecture; flexible systems and made of wood supports

pagodas

Buddhist temples in china

great wall of china

what structure was used to keep enemies out and has frequent watchtowers; built over centuries, 10000 miles long

Paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, and a plaster finish. traditions in wood and timber

japanese architecture typically has

shinto

what is japan's native formal religion

torii

large freestanding timber gateway

Golden pavilion

what structure had movable walls, open interior, wide eaves, built by shogun

tea houses

what structures had no decorations, furnishings, and no distractions, and included ceremonies for the upper classes; preparing and drinking green tea according to strict rules

Tatami

modular flooring mats usually 3' by 6'

islam

who has art based on flowers, geometric shapes, glazed tiles, and arabic script ( no figurative art)

mosques

designed for communal prayer

Dome of the rock

Jerusalem, what structure with an octagonal form, was influenced by byzantine architecture, was a shrine for pilgrims, and in the center is sacred rock where Mohammed ascended to heaven

Great Mosque of Samarra

largest mosque ever built ( mosques were designed for communal prayer)

Mosque of Cordoba

1st Islamic structure in europe

Muslims (moors)

who came to Spain in the 8th century, looked to ancient Roman architecture and formed Moorish architecture

Temple of Heaven

A famous temple in China adjacent to the Forbidden City. Rulers performed Confucian-based rituals there.

Forbidden City

The walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924. A portion is now a residence for leaders of the People's Republic of China.

T and M square

real thrones, only staff allowed in

architecture of india

whos architecture has Various cultural influences like the Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, and British

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India, four corners that symbolize the universe

hamayuns tomb

influenced taj mahal

buddhists

who's earliest structures (-3c) where made of stone, influenced by Indian architecture

europeans esp British

Victorian revival, influenced by Indian architecture

viceroy house

British Columbian architecture

Chrysler Building

William Van Alen, tallest building in NY when built

Omaha Beach

American landing site in France on D-Day; an extremely difficult battle to take the beat

mammy's cupboard

local culture, Natchez MS restaurant

hindus

whos style is an ornate style (8c) carved in stone (as if carved in wood) pyramid style, influenced by Indian architecture

muslims

whos structures include (12-18c) Islamic traditions with ornate palaces, mosques, tombs, influenced by Indian architecture

1899

when was Vicksburg military park

Established (Levy Monticello)

Mount vernon

This was the first property to be saved by an organization founded solely to preserve a building; the Ladies Mount Vernon Association acquired it in the 1850s, George Washingtons house

charleston , South Carolina, 1931

First historic preservation ordinance

taj mahal

national emblem of india (1632-53), architect was Ustad

Horyuji Temple

(Buddhist Temple)

Oldest wooden temple in the world

New orleans, 1941

Second historic preservation ordinance

Natchez, mississippi

Third historic preservation ordinance

Urban Renewal Projects

tearing down significant portions of downtown, believing it would clear the way for urban materialization projects, however they never materialized

Tennessee Valley Authority

New Deal program that built dams to control flooding and produce cheap electric power for the rural south

Interstate highway system

what impacted the fabric of our environment

The national historic preservation act of 1966

which act established review of federal projects on historic properties

levi weeks

who designed Jefferson college in Washington,MS and auburn

Waverley

near West Point Ms, plantation. house, Col. George. Young

William Nichols

Became state architect of mississippi in 1835; Greek Revival style

William Nichols

who designed the Old Capitol, governors mansion, and the lyceum, Windsor ruins

windsor ruins

23 standing Corinthian columns of the largest antebellum Greek Revival mansion ever built in the stat

R.H Hunt

who designed Montgomery Hall and Lee Hall on MSU campus, started R.H. Hunt. Company in 1882 in Chattanooga TN

beaux arts

characterized by symmetrical plans and the eclectic use of architectural features combined to give a massive, elaborate, and often ostentatious effect

Theodore Link

from St. Louis. who designed the mississippi state capitol, Old Oktibbeha Co. Courthouse, and the perry cafeteria

Frank Lloyd Wright

who designed the Willis Hughs House "Fountainhead" in Jackson MS

NW Overstreet

who designed the Bailey Magnet School, MSU Y.M.C.A building

el malvancy

war memorial building- ww2

A. Hays Town

architect from Baton Rouge, built high class cottages

Frank Gehry

who designed the Ohr- O'Keefe Museum

fay jones

who designed the Pinecote Pavilion- Crosby Arboretum

Urban sprawl

damaging the environment both directly and indirectly. Happens through rapant consumption of raw land

Ross Spiegel

wrote "Green Building Materials"

Green building

"a building that is located and constructed in a sustainable manner and that is designed to allow its occupants to live, work, and play in a sustainable manner." - Ross Spiegel

Brownfields

abandoned, idled, or underused industrial and commercial facilities/ sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

20%

The building industry contributes to ____ of all waste

Reasons to utilize green building principals

1. Improved Air quality

2. Reduced consumption of virgin raw materials

3. Waste reduction

4. Consumer demand for environmentally friendly products.

ADA (Americans with disabilities act)

Federal civil rights law that prohibits the exclusion of people with disabilities from everyday activities

New urbanism

a type of compact neighborhood design pioneered by Miami architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. This replaces the typical suburban subdivision with more diverse environments which mix residential and commercial buildings hypothetically providing a walkable community where people live, work, and play.

Dan camp

who was the designer/ developer/ builder for the cotton district (new urbanism)

Andres Duany

advocate of New Urbanism, designed Seaside, FL and Kentlands, Maryland

Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

who was a co -founder of Duany Plater- Zybeck & company and Dean of University of Miami School of Architecture

Robert Davis

who was the landowner developer for seaside

Freedom Tower

designed by Daniel Libeskind, David Childs, FAIA, Skidmore Owings, and Merrill

Two skins

used by Renzo Piano; is an outer layer iroko wood inner layer of moveable glass louvers; buildings are ventilated passively and act as chimneys to draw warm out, seen in jean Marie tjibaou cultural center (shown here)

Antoine Predock

Key Commissions: Nelson Fine Arts Center (shown) , American Heritage Center, and Museum of Science and Industry

Barbara Baer Capitman

Miami Beach Preservation

Samuel "Sambo" Mockbee

from Canton, MS. and has a Rural Studio: Hale County Alabama

Andres Duany

Founder of 2 architectural firms: Arquitectonica and Duany Plater-Zybeck and Co.