Chapter 37 dental assisting

Analgesia

The stage of anesthesia in which the patient is relaxed and consious

Anesthesia

Temporary loss of feeling or sensation

Anesthetic

Medication the produces the temporary loss of feeling or sensation

Aspirated

To draw back or draw within

Diffuse

to spread from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

Duration

Time from induction to complete reversal of anesthesia

Gauge

Standard dimension or measurement of thickness of an injection needle

Induction

Time from injection to effective anesthesia

Innervation

Supply or distribution of nerves to a specific body part

Lumen

Hallow centre of injection needle

Oximetry

Measurement of oxygen concentration in the blood

Permeate

To spread or flow throughout

Porous

Describes an object with minute openings that allow the passage of gas or fluid

System toxicity

Related to a system or typically the entire body

Tidal volume

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

Titrate

To determine the concentration of a substance

Vasoconstrictor

Type of drug that constricts blood vessels to prolong anesthetics

What do topical anesthetics do

Provide temporary numbing effect in a specific area where an injection will take place

How long must topicals stay on for

15-30 sec minimum

1-2 min max

Amides

Local anesthetic

Ester

Topical

What is the ingredient combination in local anesthetic

Local anesthetic drugs, sodium chloride, distilled water

How long does short acting anesthetic last

60-180

How long does intermediate last

120-240

How long does long lasting last

240-540

Local infiltration

Small isolated areas

Field block

Larger terminal nerve branch

Nerve block

Occurs when local is deposited near a nerve trunk

Greater palatine nerve block

Posterior portion of hard palate

Nasopalatine nerve

Anterior hard palate

Inferior nerve block

Mandibular foramen, teeth tongue and lip and over half of jaw

Buccal nerve block

Buccal soft tissue

Incisive nerve block

Mental foramen

Anterior teeth and premolars

Periodontal ligament injection

Anesthetic solution under pressure directly I to ligament and surrounding tissue

Parts of a syringe

Needle adaptor

Syringe barrel

Piston with harpoon

Finger grip

Thumb ring

Safest type of anesthetic

Inhalation, N2O

What type of sedation does N2O produce

Stage 1

What color cylinder is oxygen and N2O in?

N2O- Blue

Oxygen-Green

Scavenger System

Reduce the amount of n2o that escapes into the atmosphere

Antianxiety drugs must be taken how long before a procedure?

30-60 mins

Who most often use IV sedation

Maxillofacial and periodontist

Stage 1 general

Relaxed fully conscious

Stage 2

Less aware if immediate surroundings

Stage 3

Calm

Stage 4

Respiratory failure or cardiac arrest

How long are you not supposed to eat before general anesthesia

8-12 hours