pyruvate oxidation

where does glycolysis happen

in the cytoplasm, it is anaerobic

mitochondria

• oval shaped membrane w/ double-membrane

• inner membrane folds = cristae, increases surface area of the membrane

  • proteins and molecules are embedded into the inner membrane to help with cellulalar respiration

• matrix = protein rich fluid inside cristae

• intermembrane space is filled w/ fluid

about pyrvuate oxidation

• goal of pyruvate oxidation is to convert 3 carbon pyrvuate into acetyl CoA

• 2 pyruvates formed at the end of glycolysis are transported into the matrix

• Acetyl CoA is a 3 carbon molecule containing Coenzyme A, impo for krebs cycle

STEPS to pyruvate oxidation

1. carboxyl end on pyruvate is removed and released as CO2 waste (decarboxylation) → 2-carbon molecule (acetyl group)

2. acetyl group is oxidized into acetate (oxidation reaction). NAD+ reduced to NADH & H+

3. CoA (sulfur-containing compound coming from vitamin B₅) is attached to the acetate, making acetyl CoA

enzyme used in all steps of pyruvate oxidation

pyruvate decarboxylase complex

results of pyrvuate oxidation

• 2 acetyl CoA enter krebs cycle

• 2 NADH go to ETC to make ATP

• CO2 diffuses out of the cell as waste product (2?)

• 2 H+ protons stay in the matrix (ETC proton gradient??)

after NAD+ is reduced to NADH, where does the extra H+ go

stays in the matrix