Climageddon: Climate Change and Health Quiz 1-6 Review

major greenhouse gases

carbon dioxide

methane

nitrous oxide

hydrogen

indicators of global warming

rise in sea levels

increased sea surface temperatures

increased temperatures over land

melting of permafrost

increased temperatures over the sea

loss of glacial ice

higher humidity globally

longer growing season in the northern latitudes

keeling curve

CO2 levels in the atmosphere are increasing

amount of CO2 in the atmosphere demonstrates seasonal fluctuations

svante arrhenius

predicted that a doubling of the CO2 in the atmosphere would increase the temperature by about 5 degrees celsius

characteristics of the milankovitch cycles that influence global climate

elliptical changes in orbit

tilt

wobble

albedo effect

proportion of the sun's energy that is reflected off a surface

how much carbon dioxide in parts per million (ppm) is in earth's atmosphere today

420 ppm

role of intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)

provide scientific information that can be used to develop climate policies for mitigation and adaptation

to assess scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information relevant to understanding climate change

primary route through which microplastics enter the body

ingestion of contaminated food and water

true or false - solar radiation powers the climate system

true

what is the effect on sea level when polar ice melts

sea level remains the same

factors that can determine carrying capacity of the earth

available (livable) land

available food supply

water available for drinking and growing crops

energy supply and consumption

rate of climate decline, sea level rise, air pollution deaths

floods, droughts, heat events, fires, famine, pandemics

warfare, violent uprisings, refugee crises

levels of consumption (standard of living)

technological innovations: genetically engineered crops, non-polluting energy sources, geo-engineering

how far we overshoot the carrying capacity

how do we know what the earth's climate was like before recorded history

by studying tree cores, ice cores, and fossil records and measuring radioisotopes from these materials

when looking at the relation between babies per women and education of women and GDP, we see that...

as GDP per person increases, babies per women decreases

as the average years in school for women increases, babies per women decreases

what does the latitudinal diversity gradient describe

as you travel closer to the equator, ecosystems become increasingly diverse

different data types describing atmospheric characteristics or processes that a climate model should include

atmospheric data

precipitation and evaporation

cloud data

outgoing heat energy

incoming solar energy

evaporate and heat exchanges

wind data

global temperature data

sea ice data

sea surface temperature data

ocean currents

ocean temperature

ocean salinity

heat/salinity exchange

land surface processes

soil moisture

runoff

snow cover albedo

demographic transition describes the fact that...

increased social and economic development leads to lower death rates, then lower birth rates

how do atmospheric CO2 levels from the past 800,000 years compare to CO2 levels today

atmospheric CO2 is now the highest it has ever been over this period

in the ted talk we watched in discussion section, hans rosling predicted which one of the following will occur by 2050

energy use will go up but most of the increased use will be non-fossil fuel green energy

what are two primary sources of data used by climate scientists to monitor the temperature of the oceans

climate monitoring buoys

NASA satellites

NOAA has been tracking billion-dollar disasters in the U.S. since 1980. which of the following statements is false

2023 had the highest disaster cost of any year

risk reduction options have been developed in order to prepare for sea level rise and coastal flooding. these include many aspects of "enhanced protection." which of the following best describes characteristics of enhanced protection

building of dikes and sea walls

cape town, south africa, faced a major drought that left 4.5 million residents with very little water. name measures that were taken to deal with this water shortage crisis

institution of the "day zero" program

water rationing

no watering lawns

no water for swimming pools

water use restricted to 12 gallons per person per day

fines for excess use

meters installed to shut off if excess use

brought in desalination plants

diversion of water from agriculture to urban residents

institution of water tariffs

use of social media for tips on water conservation

implemented a new water pressure system

cyanobacteria from harmful algal blooms produce toxins that can damage the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. which two are most susceptible to injury or death from harmful algal blooms

children

dogs

which of the following statements about heat stress is true

heat stroke is an emergency, and the proper response is to call 911

effective interventions in cities to combat urban heat islands and extreme heat events

replacing asphalt with cooler pavement materials

increasing number of trees, parks, and grassy areas

providing shade for playgrounds

trees, canopies, solar panels

painting rooftops white or creating green roofs

adding water bodies (ponds, fountains)

opening cooling centers

which of the following statements about wildfire smoke is false

impacts of wildfires on air quality are expected to decrease with further global warming

major air pollutants regulated by the EPA under the clean air act

carbon monoxide (CO)

lead (Pb)

nitrogen oxides (NOx; NO2)

ozone (O3)

coarse particulate matter (PM10)

fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

infectious disease that is not a mosquito-borne disease

lyme disease

which of the following statements(s) about cholera is(are) true

an outbreak of cholera hit haiti after hurricane matthew

long-term pooling of water helps the cholera bacteria thrive

cholera is considered a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) disease

list ways in which climate change affects the vulnerability of the U.S. grid

reducing water-dependent plant efficiency

temperature of water discharge being too high

power plants being forced to use water meant for other purposes

inland flooding because power plants are usually sited near rivers and lakes

wildfires damaging poles, transmission lines

ionized air from smoke causing arcing

natural disasters - increased frequency

ways we can make U.S. power grids more resilient

creating a national grid

increasing transmission grid

hardening measures - weatherproofing the grid; burying line; winterization; structured failures; microgrids

smart grid technologies

reducing demands by increasing energy efficiency

renewable energy sources

wind turbines

solar panels

nanogrids

which of the following are considered elements of the U.S. power grid consist of

generating stations

electrical substations

transmission lines

distribution lines

true or false - extreme heat and heat anomalies are associated with increased levels of violent crime and intergroup violence

true

true or false - fewer than half of americans indicate that they are worried about climate change

false

reigning principle as it pertains to burden sharing for climate adaptation and mitigation

polluter pays principle

ability to pay principle

development-sensitive polluter pay principle

best defines "tyranny of the contemporary"

earlier generations exploit the future by taking modest benefits for themselves now while passing on potentially catastrophic costs to later generations

in her presentation for climageddon, wildfire photographer kari greer noted that in her 25 years of photographing fires she has seen some fundamental changes. which one of the following was not cited as a change

there are more lightning strikes igniting fires

in her lecture in climageddon, kari greer spoke on the importance of controlled burns to prevent crown fires. which one of the following statements about fires is false

fire suppression was a traditional practice of america's indigenous people (i.e. native americans)

according to the washington post article discussed in class, pythons may be one of the most earth friendly meats to farm. name three characteristics of pythons that best support this claim

pythons grow rapidly in their first year of life

pythons need very little water - or can live off the dew that forms on its scales; or require less food to produce meat

pythons have a low feed conversion ratio - or require less food to produce meat

proportion of iowa's electricity generation was produced by wind energy in 2023

65%

largest source of U.S. electricity generation in 2021

natural gas

safety of nuclear power

modern reactors use passive safety technology that slows the nuclear reaction in the event of a failure

rejected energy

energy lost during the process of energy production

primarily wasted heat from burning fossil fuels

not an argument in favor of nuclear energy

high acceptability to the public

example of geo-engineering to combat climate change

using microbes and algae to sequester carbon in the sea

spraying particles into the stratosphere to diffract sunlight

fertilizing the ocean to promote growth or phytoplankton

burying biochar

create artificial trees to remove CO2 from the atmosphere

covering roof and roads to reflect sunlight

blocking the sunlight with space umbrellas

spraying seawater into clouds

sources of renewable, non-emitting energy

hydropower

wind

solar

geothermal

tidal power

greenhouse gas directly produced from ruminant livestock

CH4

methane

agricultural and land management practices that can be employed to sequester amounts of carbon

plant trees and forests or restore them

add biochar to soils or bury biochar

restore, build, or preserve wetlands

restore prairies or plant/grow them

restore degraded lands

improve cropland management

improve grazing land management

ways in which climate change disrupts food systems

lower crop yields due to drought

lower crop yields due to pests

lower crop yields due to flooding/excess rains

lower feed conversion in livestock

poorer livestock health due to heat stress

negative impacts on rural communities

higher food spoilage due to excess heat

characteristics of the annex II countries with respect to climate change that differentiated them from annex I countries

annex II countries are less able to adapt to climate change

annex II countries are more likely to suffer loss of food production if close to the equator

annex I countries could fulfill their reduction pledges by helping annex II countries

annex II countries were encouraged to modernize through a clean energy transition with renewables

what percentage of new passenger cars and light trucks will be all electric by 2032

67%

climate change policy shift that has not happened in the U.S. under president biden

biden's EPA administrator eliminated gasoline blended with ethanol

university of iowa will switch from coal to what to make its heating plant coal-free by 2025

pellets made from non-recyclable industrial waste

miscanthus grass

UI consumes as much energy as about how many typical midwest homes

40,000

which category is most responsible for most direct emissions in a typical household

transportation

distinct ways one can lower their carbon footprint

reduce

reuse

capsule wardrobe

free cycle

upcycle

fly less often

purchase offsets

use less gasoline

travel greener

walk

ride a bike

use mass transit

use public transportation

rideshare

travel less

consolidate trips

reduce home energy consumption

heat less in winter

cool less in summer

use less electricity from fossil fuels

use more electricity from renewable energy

turn off lights when not in use

turn off appliances when not needed

use more efficient lighting

install home solar energy systems

eat less meat

encourage investment in green companies

vote for candidates with a legit climate action plan

positive attributes engaging in active commuting compared to driving a fossil fuel-powered car

improved fitness

improved health and wellness

improved mental health

lower risk of developing diabetes

less air pollution from burning fossil fuels

saves money

better weight control

sets a positive example for others

classification of forms of denial of climate change

science denial

economic denial

humanitarian denial

political denial

crisis denial

ostrich denial

jeffrey bennet and his framework for skeptics claims

earth is not warming up as expected

earth is warming up, but it's not natural

earth is warming up; humans are causing it, but it's nothing to worry about

earth is warming up and humans are causing it; it's harmful, but solving it