523 - Block Exam 1 (Neuro) Review
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55 Terms
An injury to what area of the cerebral cortex results in difficulty to form new words?
Broca's area
3 multiple choice options
What condition affects only females (as the males will die shortly after birth- dealing with a MECP2 mutation on the X chromosome)?
Rett's Syndrome
What has the primary function of forming the myelin sheath and neurilemma in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the functional area of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for speech and recognition?
Wernicke's area
Where does the spinal cord originate?
medulla oblongata
3 multiple choice options
How does the fasting glucose level within the CSF compare to the serum?
CSF is about 60% of the serum glucose
3 multiple choice options
Bob is experiencing a severe stroke, resulting in vision and sensory loss. What vessel is ML affected by this stroke?
posterior cerebral artery
3 multiple choice options
Stimulation of the GI tract is caused by what nervous division decreased peristalsis?
sympathetic
2 multiple choice options
A patient comes in for a subarachnoid hemorrhage and found to be xanthochromic. What does this mean?
The sample is yellow.
3 multiple choice options
What timeline indicates when pain goes from acute to chronic?
3 mo
3 multiple choice options
What is a physiologic response for acute pain?
Elevated blood glucose
2 multiple choice options
What dermatome indicated where you would find loss of sensation at the nipple level?
T4
3 multiple choice options
Pricking one's finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing abdominal surgery would produce more pain. This distinction is an example of which pain theory?
Specificity theory
3 multiple choice options
Where is the major relay station of sensory information located?
Thalamus
3 multiple choice options
How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?
It raises the metabolic rate.
3 multiple choice options
What is the most likely explanation of low blood glucose levels in the CSF?
Bacterial meningitis
3 multiple choice options
What division of the NS is categorized as the functional component?
ANS & SNS
What structure is responsible for relaying sensory information, controls ANS function, and links the limbic system with memory and emotion?
Diencephalon
3 multiple choice options
What area of the brain is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
What area of the brain is responsible for sensory perception?
parietal
3 multiple choice options
What vessels supply blood to the brain and connect to form the circle of willis?
internal carotid & vertebral arteries
A 25 year old male is transported to the ED with a CC of unresponsiveness. Upon initial evaluation the pt seems to be in a deep sleep. The eyes were opened by performing a sternal rub, withdrawing and grabbing at the provider's hand and then going back to sleep. What is this level of consciousness?
Stupor
3 multiple choice options
A 68 year old pt is being evaluated for this preexisting CHF. When you walk in, she is asleep and exhibits a smooth increase in the rate and depth of breathing, which peaks and then a gradual decrease to the point of apnea and is repeated. What is this level of breathing?
Cheyenne-Stokes
A pt appears to the ED with an acute mental change. She is noted to have pupillary constriction, slurred speech, and impaired memory. What did this patient take?
opioids
3 multiple choice options
What is given for opioid overdose patients?
Narcan
A male presents with worsening periods of confusion, with a history of DM, CVD and HTN. The pt’s daughter says he has had many sudden spells, leading in worsening confusion. Pulse is 92, irregularly irregular, and has cognitive deficits, with several areas of impaired blood flow on MRI. What is the ML diagnosis?
Vascular dementia
3 multiple choice options
A patient comes to the ED for increasing forgetfulness. He cannot remember names and was lost recently in the store. He has trouble remembering words and abstract thinking. What is the ML diagnosis?
Alzheimer's disease
3 multiple choice options
A patient is suspected of having dementia. A CT of the head is ordered. Which is the following findings is consistent with Alzheimer's?
Abnormal protein deposits throughout gray matter
What condition is associated with brain plaques that contain beta amyloid plaques and tangles?
Alzheimer's disease
3 multiple choice options
A healthcare professional rewarms a pt after hyperthermia. What is a possible long-term complication that needs to be monitored for?
Renal dysfunction
The extent of damage is dependent on the level of ischemia. What disease has an increased rate of damage and ischemia?
Hyperthermia
3 multiple choice options
Lewy Body Dementia is characterized by cellular inclusions (Lewy Bodies). These are in the cytoplasm and also occur in which part of the brain with Parkinson's Disease?
Substantia Nigra
What group of syndromes causes non-progressive spasticity, ataxia, and involuntary movements resulting from prenatal malformations?
Cerebral Palsy
With myasthenia gravis, the role is unclear, but 65% of pts have hyperplasia of what organ?
Thymus
3 multiple choice options
Most cases of encephalitis are due to what?
Viral
3 multiple choice options
When ICP = systolic BP, what happens to the cerebral blood flow?
cerebral blood flow stops
2 multiple choice options
What best describes the definition of chorea?
Jerky or rapid contraction of the muscle group in a random pattern (involuntary)
What type of aphasia result from damage to the arculate faliculus area?
Global aphasia
3 multiple choice options
A patient has neurologic dysfunction and attempts to interview them asking, “Hello, how are you?”. She responds “Good, Bored, Home”. What type of aphasia is this?
Motor aphasia (non-fluent/expressive/Broca's)
3 multiple choice options
What is the MCC of TBI in children?
Falls
When is the peak of a severe head injury?
18-36 hrs
3 multiple choice options
What is the term for brain injury resulting from the brain rebounding and hitting directly at the point with backward motion?
Contra coup
1 multiple choice option
CT of Skull w/ a midline shift- Pt with a HX of Afib hits his head. He has an
increase in confusion and lethargy. What is the ML diagnosis?
subdural hematoma
3 multiple choice options
While playing soccer, a patient experiences blunt trauma from the ball and loss consciousness. GCS score of 13. What is this level of concussion?
mild
2 multiple choice options
What vessels most predominantly supply the UMN sensory strip?
MCA
2 multiple choice options
What is the most precise estimation of embryonic neural tube formation?
3-4 weeks
2 multiple choice options
At what age does the posterior fontanelle usually close?
2-3 months
3 multiple choice options
At what does the anterior fontanelle close?
12-18 months
3 multiple choice options
A 3 day old infant experiences a seizure. The mother states there were issues at labor and was born blue and not breathing. Rigidity and Spasticity was noted. What is the DX?
cerebral palsy
A 6 yo girl was brought in for evaluation of staring spells. What is the DX?
absence seizures
What is the MC childhood seizures?
febrile seizures
What is characterized by demyelination?
MS
A pt has recurring headaches, and is abrupt and around the left eye. What type of HA is this?
cluster headache
2 multiple choice options
What is the pathophysiology of Guillain Barre?
Destruction of myelin
You have a 24yo patient that reports a hx of worsening HA. She describes them as throbbing and localized to the temporal region lasting ~ 6 hours. She usually gets this HA when she’s working on a project that affects her sleeping pattern. She has visual disturbances prior to HA, associated with N/V. What type of headache is she having?
classic migraine
3 multiple choice options