Skin Disorders and Diseases (Esthetic State Board Study Guide)

Erythema

Redness caused by inflammation

Milaria rubra

Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure, also known as prickly heat.

Rosacea

Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, dilation of blood vessels, and in severe cases, the formation of papules and pustules.

Pseudofoliculitis

Razor bumps without the pus or infection

Contact dermatitis

Inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or a contact with a substance or chemical

seborrheic dermatitis

Skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness

Vasodilation

Dilation of blood vessels

Atopic Dermatitis

Chronic, relapsing form of dermatitis

Edema

Swelling from a fluid imbalance in the cells or from a response to injury, infection, or medication

Psoriasis

Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales

anhidrosis

a deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands; often results from a fever or skin disease.

Albinism (congenital Leukoderma)

the absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes

Asteatosis

Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

Bromhidrosis

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet.

Bulla

Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger.

Carbuncle

Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

Chloasma

Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

Cyst

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

Edema

Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

Excoraition

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

Fissure

A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis

Herpes simplex virus 1

Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.

Herpes simplex virus 2

Strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals.

Herpes zoster

Also known as shingles; a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

hyperhidrosis

Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.

Hyperkeratosis

a thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).

Imeptigo

A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by cluster of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occur in children.

Keloid

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)

Keratoma

Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is an example of this, caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

Keratosis Pilaris

Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked follicles. These patched of irritation are accompanied by rough texture and small pinpoint milia

Lentigo

Freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots. Lentigenes that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar, lentigenes. Patches are referred to as large macules.

Keratin

Fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin

Fibroblasts

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.

Lesions

Mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

leukoderma

Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are examples.

Malignant Melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize). Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. Melanomas may have surface crust or bleed.

Milia

Epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. This is more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as a laser resurfacing.

Nevus

Also known as birthmark; small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

Nodules

These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

Perioral dermatitis

Acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face.

Pruitis

Persistent itching

Skin Tag

Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

Tinea

A contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.

Tinea corporis

Also known as ringworm; a contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.

Turbecle

Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule

Ulcer

Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. A deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer

Urticaria

Also known as hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production.

Verruca

Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. It is infectious and contagious

Wheal

Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings. Hives and mosquito bites are examples of this.