history

"Laissez-faire"; no government involvement in the economy

Capitalism

Radical socialism, no classes

Communism

Government should help and protect the people

Socialism

The greatest good for the greatest number of people

Utilitarianism

Landowners could experiment with farming techniques

Enclosure movement

What happened first? Agricultural revolution, industrial revolution, urbanization, The Communist Manifesto.

Agricultural revolution

More seeds took root, crop yields increased

seed drill

Replenished nutrients in soil, produced more crops

crop rotation

Produced more pounds of meat

livestock breeding

Used water power to increase textile production

Arkwright's Water Frame

Enabled spinners to work 8 threads at a time

Spinning Jenny

Allowed wagons to travel without sinking into the mud

Road imrpovements

Steam engines faster, more efficient, uses less fuel

Watt's steam engine

Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs

factors of production

The process of developing machine production of goods

Industrialization

City building and movement of people to cities

Urbanization

Social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy

middle class

What was NOT a characteristic of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution

Increased lifespan

Owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

Laissez-faire

Went on strike to secure better working conditions and wages

Labor unions

Small-scale production done by individuals or families in the home

Cottage Industry

Workers that smashed machines they thought were putting them out of work

Luddites

Which field employed mostly women and chidren?

Coal Mines

Positive effect of the Industrial Revolution

more jobs

created surplus of workers needed for the industrial revolution to happen

agricultural revolution

The "have-nots"; Marx predicted they would rise up and overthrow the "haves"

Proletariat

The "haves"; according to Marx, they oppress the "have nots" so they can get rich

Bourgeoise

Participate in collective bargaining for workers and will authorize strikes

Labor unions

Necessary to do away with class structure, according to Marx

Abolish private property

Believed that people would follow their own self-interest and help other by creating jobs and services

Adam Smith

Believed the world needed plagues and wars to keep the population under control

Thomas Malthus

The government should promote industries and services that benefited the greatest number of people

Utilitarianism

No official police force, streets poorly lit, high rates of poverty in cities all lead to

high rates of crime

Living conditions were harsh and crowded here

slums

Resources that gave Britain an advantage in the Industrial Revolution

Good harbors, coal, and rivers

An increase in population will lead to

an increase in production of goods

How did the Industrial Revolution affect most cities?

Population grew faster than housing supply

Why was it necessary for children to work in the Industrial Revolution

Families needed the additional income

a positive results of the Industrial Revolution

middle class grew, became wealthier

Technological advancement that played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution

Steam power

Reformers worked for positive changes in which areas of society

Education, Prison, and Legal system

Factory owners threatened workers with loss of jobs and jail if they

joined unions

The Industrial Revolution affected the environment but did not

preserve natural resources

Believed there would always be a poor class; wages would decrease as population increased

David Ricardo

Favored women's rights, reforms in prison, legal, and educational systems, and a more equal division of wealth

John Stuart Mill

A perfect living place

Utopia

Why did Marx's prediction about the wealth gap widening fail to become a reality?

Governments put in reforms

What did NOT happen as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

European countries became allies