Generalized acute infections

what is another form of acute infection that can take place across multiple time frames

recurrent infections

an example of a recurrent infection would what?

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV)

a generalized infection infects multiple multiple organs through two methods what are they?

• utilizing more than one receptor

• one cell type present in many organs

what are the two types of generalized infections

• chronic

• acute

Canine distemper is often appears as ____________ in animals

subclinical

What are common clinical signs of acute Canine distemper virus

• fever

• Upper respiratory symptoms

• vomiting

• diarrhea

• CNS signs

what species can host canine distemper virus

• canids

• racoons

• ferrets

• big cats

list the pathogenesis of canine distemper virus

1. respiratory infection

2. primary viremia

3. replication of lymphoid organs

4. secondary viremia

5. infection of CNS, epithelium, endothelial

6. shedding through respiratory and other secretions

Canine distemper virus infiltrates macrophages and dendrites through activation molecule __________ and ___________

• CD150

• nectin 4

severe clinical signs you can see in response to canine distemper virus

• primary pneumonia

• bacterial superinfections

• diarrhea

• defects in bone remodeling

CDV is often a persistent virus and can exist sometime after clinical signs are gone in what two ways

• old dog encephalitis

• overgrowth of skin on digital pads

Newcastle disease virus mainly infects _________

birds

The morbidity and mortality of Newcastle disease according to ______ and ______

• bird species

• virulence

Newcastle disease virus is a _________

zoonotic disease

list the pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus

• asymptomatic enteric

• lentogenic

• mesogenic

• velogenic

virulence of NDV is different based on pathotype and that is determined based on the ______ of ________

• cleavability

• large fusion protein

if the viral fusion protein of NDV(newcastle disease virus) is cleaved by _______ it becomes asymptomatic and lentogenic. if it is cleaved by _______ it becomes mesogenic

• trypsin

• proteases

Velogenic NDV(newcastle diseaese virus) has two forms known as what?

• neurotropic

• viscerotropic

in order of virulence list the pathotypes of NDV

1. asymptomatic

2. lentogenic

3. mesogenic

4. velogenic

the main clinical sign you will see in animals infected with Newcastle disease virus will be

numerous deaths within 24-48hrs

post mortem lesions of birds infected with NDV will have _______ of lymphoid tissue

necrosis or ulceration

does NDV have an envelope

yes

infection of NDV is primarily done through what two pieces

• contact with feces

• contamination of environment

ways to diagnose NDV is through what two methods

• virus isolation

• serology

it is important to distinguish NDV from what other common bird disease

avian influenza

What type(s) of infection(s) does CDV represent.

CDV is a generalized acute infection which can be overcome or turn into a chronic or latent infection.

The fusion protein of NDV has to be cleaved by proteases from a precursor protein into two parts which will interact with each other.  What are the differences of NDV strains in virulence due to?

The precursor protein of highly virulent strains can be cleaved by proteases in various cell types, the lowly virulent ones preferential by proteases in the intestine.

What have NDV and avian influenza virus infections in common?

Acute disease, migratory birds are biosecurity risk, respiratory symptoms.

does canine distemper virus have an envelope

yes