AMSCO Unit 6 KC#2 (6.5-6.7) Terms 59-97

Function of Urban Models (3)

Concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei models.

Functional Zonation

The idea that portions of an urban area-regions, or zones, within the city-have a specific and distinct purposes.

Central Business District (CBD)

A vital part of an urban model, which is the commercial heart of a city.

Bid-rent Theory

Explains agricultural land use, just as it helps explain land use in central business districts.

Industrial/Commercial Zones

Provide areas suitable for the operation and protection of a range of larger-scale commercial and industrial businesses and processes.

Commensal Relationship

When commercial interests benefit each other.

Residential Zones

Areas where people live.

Concentric Zone Model

Describes a city as a series of rings that surrounds a central business district.

Sector Model (Hoyt's Model)

Describes sectors of land use for low-, medium-, and high-income housing.

Multiple-nuclei Model

This model suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers, or nodes.

Peripheral Model

A variant of the multiple-nuclei model, describes suburban neighborhoods surrounding an inner city and served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road or beltway.

Galactic City Model

Model represents a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.

European Cities Characteristics

A mix of public services and private firms, including a robust body of middle class and lower middle class public sector workers.

Middle Eastern/Islamic Cities Chair

The central feature of an Islamic city, such as a mosque, a bazaar, or a citadel that are centered on the principles of Islam.

Griffin-Ford Model (Latin American)

Often used to describe Latin American cities.

Barrios/Favelas/Shantytowns

Neighborhoods marked by extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness. Area of poorly built housing.

Characteristic of African Cities

Characterized by their growth, urban macrocephaly, informality and colonial heritage.

Squatter Settlements

Defined as a low residential area, which has developed without legal right to the land or permission from the concerned authorities to build.

Characteristic of Southeast Asian Cities

Focus on modern cities, often former colonial zone, and these cities have a government zone and have a commercial zone dominated by foreign merchants and ambassadors.

Zoning Ordinances

Regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions may be used.

Urban Planning

A process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use.

Residential Density Gradient

As one moves farther from the inner city, population and housing-unit density declines, and types of housing change.

McMansion

A slang term that describes a large, often opulent or ostentatious, mass-produced house.

Filtering

Process where houses pass from one social group to another.

Invasion and Succession

Refers to the process by which one social or ethnic group gradually replaces another through filtering.

Urban Infill

The process of increasing the residential density of an area by replacing open space and vacant housing with residences.

Big-Box retail stores

Stores include Walmart, Target, Home Depot, and Lowe's. Each of these retailers has large physical locations and offers a wide selection of products and services for purchase.

Suburbanization of Business

The movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter.

The difference in residential land use outside vs. inside the US

Residential land use is how land is used for housing purposes. It reflects a city’s culture, t.echnology and development

Infrastructure

Critical to the functioning of any city, the facilities and systems that serve the population. Any city has many elements of this.

Municipal(ity)

This term refers to the local government of a city or town and the services it provides.

Annexation

The process of adding land to a city's legally defined territory.

Incorporation

The act of legally joining together to form a new city.

Bedroom Communities

These communities usually lack a true CBD.

Unincorporated Areas

Populated regions that do not fall within the legal boundary of any city or municipality.

How infrastructure varies in countries.

Infrastructure varies in countries depending on their level of development, resources, geography, culture, and policies.

Public Transportation

A solution to moving people around an urban area with the use of buses, subways, light rail, and trains that are operated by a government agency.

Impact of the car in urban areas

Reducing the density of people and employment.

Where the wealthy choose to live

In the USA, wealthy people are more likely to live in the suburbs and are attracted by spacious homes, large backyards, clear air, and where population densities are low. In contrast, in Europe and Canada, wealthy people have traditionally chosen to live in densely populated cities. They have valued short commutes to work and easy access to concerts, plays, and other forms of entertainment.