ATP, Water & Inorganic compounds

describe what makes up the structure of ATP

• 1 molecule of Adenine

• 1 molecule of Ribose

• 3 phosphate groups.

What is a nucleotide derivative?

modified form of a nucleotide

WHat is meant by phosphorylation of ATP?

Making ATP from ADP + Pi via a condensation reaction

• With the use of energy

• using the enzyme ATP synthase

What is ATP hydrolysis?

ATP being broken back down into ADP+Pi via hydrolysis

• using ATP hydrolase

• Releases a small amount of energy,

What can the inorgaic phospahte released be used for in other compounds?

can be used to phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive.

In terms of energy what happens during condensation and hydrolysis of ATP?

• condensation = energy is used

• Hydrolysis = energy is released

What is the structure of water?

• 2 hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to 1 oxygen molecule

What bond holds water together?

covalent

How is water a polar molecule?

electrons aren’t evenly distributed across the molecule

• hydrogen atoms are slightly positive

• oxygen atoms are slightly negative.

How are hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules?

Attraction between the polar charges

What is meant by cohesion?

attraction between the same type of molecule

Name the 5 properties of water?

• High specific heat capacity

• Large latent heat of vapourisation

• Strong cohesion between water molecules

• Important solvent

• Metabolite

What is meant by a solvent?

substance capable of dissolving another substance forming a solution

Explain the 5 properties of water

• High heat capacity - resist tempchange bc takes a lot of energy to change the temp.

• Large latent heat of vapourisation - Provide a cooling effect from loss of water through evaporation

• Strong cohesion between water molecules - supports water columns and provides surface tension where water meets air.

  Important solvent - metabolic reactions occur faster in solutions

• Metabolite - water is a metabolite in many metabolic reactions (including condensation and hydrolysis).

Where do inorganic ions occur?

in solutions in the cyptoplams and body fluids of an organism.

What is the role of the ion Iron (Fe2+)?

component of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen

What is the role of the ion Sodium (Na+)?

• Involved in the co-transport of glucose and amino acids, sodium moves out by osmosis creating diff gradient

• Affects osmosis

Name 3 things that Phosphate (PO4³-) ion does

• Used to produce ATP

• Phosphorylates other compounds making them more reactive

• Affects osmosis

What is the role of the ion Hydrogen (H+)? (explain ph and acidity)

• maintains pH levels in the body

• can affect enzyme and haemoglobin function

• More H+ means lower pH and more acidic (vice versa).