Gram Negative Enteric Rods

4 major pathogenic enteric rods

Escherichia

Shigella

Salmonella

Vibrio

Family Enterobacteriaceae are Gram ____

negative

Describe "HOK" antigenic typing

Soe diseases caused by normal flora strains of E. coli that escape the intestinal tract and colonize other body sites

UTIs

Invasive disease like septicemia and neonatal meningitis

Diseases caused by strains that have acquired additional virulence factors such as enterotoxins, fimbriae, invasive factors, or "new" animal strains of E. Coli

gastroenteritis

transmission of E.coli

fecal-oral with additional virulence factors like plasmids or phage

Toxin of E. coli

LPS - endotoxin

potent trigger of inflammation

important in sepsis and meningitis

Describe E. coli Enterotoxins

Describe route of E. coli in UTIs

Describe how E. Coli mount invasive infections to cause neonatal meningitis

Describe E. coli invasive infections

Shigella is a lot like E. coli with a virulence ____ that allows cell invasion, and ____ growth. However, it is not___ ____

plasmid; intracellular; normal floral

What organism causes dysentery

S. dysenteriae

milder disease of dysentery more common in the US

shigellosis

what does the shigella virulence plasmid do

encodes proteins for attachment/entry into intestinal epithelial cells

describe Shiga toxin

mechanism and symptoms of bacterial dysentery

IS salmonella normal flora?

no

2 very different diseases caused by Salmonella

food poisoning and typhoid fever

most common Salmonella infection in the US. It is a disease of ____ ___ with ____ ____ ____

gastroenteridis; indistrialized societies; improper food handling

Typhoid fever is invasive ____-organ and ___ is the USA

multi; rare

Describe the mechanism of Salmonella gastroenteritis serotype Typhimurium

Describe virulence factors of S. Typhi

Two types of current vaccines for systemic S. Typhi food poisoning

1 - purified Vi capsule polysaccharide

2 - Live attenuated Ty 21a strain

Describe the morphology of Vibrio cholera

curved, gram-negative rods with single polar flagella

Describe the morphology and habitat of the genus vibrio

Environmental habitat, particularly warm estuary water with fecal pollution, concentrates within shellfish, such as oysters

cholera enterotoxin chemically modifies ____ _____

adenylate cyclase

Disease symptoms of cholera are ___ and ___ dependent, varying from no disease to severe disease

dose; host

Describe the clinical manifestations and pathology of cholera

treatment of cholera

fluid replacement, orally or via IV depending on severity

describe the cholera vaccine