types of biases and research

experimental

establish cause and effect relationship (only research design)

correlational

identify and measure the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables

naturalistic observation

observe subjects in their natural environment, no interference

case/clinical study

an in-depth analysis of an individual or small group

meta-analysis

combine and analyze the results of multiple existing studies on a single topic

hindsight bias

the tendency to believe, after an event, that the outcome was predictable all along

confirmation bias

the tendency to gather and process information that fits your belief, you ignore evidence against your belief

overconfidence

the tendency to have excessive confidence in your knowledge, abilities, or accuracy