Human Geo Exam 1

Pronatalist policies (plus examples)

Encourage people to have babies, policies to encourage population growth. Policies like extended maternity/paternity leave, tax write offs, are very generous, etc.

Aral Sea

Diverted water that fed the Aral sea to support cotton plants and the aral sea had retreated a lot. Was a great lake but is now just a sliver of what it used to be.

Population of Europe

Population includes European Russia and Turkey, densely populated in Europe.

Population of Russia

The population is 144 million people.

Religion in Europe and Russia (what type)

Europe is a Christian realm. They identify as Christian. Incredibly secular. Eastern Europe = orthodoxes, Central/Southern Europe = Catholic, and West / Northern = Protestant.

Marine West Coast Climate

West = More cloudy days than sunny days, pretty wet/rain/moist, but mild temperatures.

Permafrost

permanently frozen ground.

Types of regions (and examples)

Formal Region/Realm: An area of land/territory that is generally well

Carl Sauer

The man who spearheaded this idea was Carl Sauer.

Environmental determinism

A lot of research and geography used this, it is the thought that the environment controlled all human action. Climate is the reason why you have more wealth, etc.

Possibilism

Physical environment sets limits and provides opportunities, human culture, technology, and decision

Chernobyl

Nuclear disaster had a melt down at a facility that affected people with a lot of radiation and was uninhabitable and caused animals to have malformations.

Cultural Approach

The man who spearheaded this idea was Carl Sauer.

Humanistic Approach

Things like gender, race, culture, religion, etc. and how they go hand in hand with Geography, not discussed with prior geographers.

History of modern geography

Greek helped but Germans were the first to question descriptions of geography.

Physiography of Europe and Russia (and characteristics with each landform region)

Northwestern Uplands/Western Highlands = Ancient / old rock, Wild, Rugged, Glacial / glaciers, Fjord = Deep v

Stalin

Stalin is the second one and a monster. Had to take land that was owned BEFORE communism. He killed for people who declined, he killed millions who didn’t go with the flow. Famous for the soviet union’s expansion to Eastern europe.

European Union (EU)

European Union

Euro

common currency. The EU got rid of each country having their own money.

COMECON

Communist version of nato, communist alliance.

Supranationalism (examples)

When you have 3 or more countries that join forces to achieve a common goal.

devolution (examples)

When a region within a single country that wants greater autonomy or outright full independence. Peaceful devolution

Marshall Plan

Effort to rebuild western Europe (democracies) and the U.S. relationship.

Nation States

One nation inside of one state exclusively. French people in France, etc. Nation = Group of people with shared goals and history.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Iron Curtain

Geographic / Imaginary line that anything east of a certain point is communist.

Yeltsin

First and only democratic elected president Borin Yeltsin. Shift to capitalism is problematic. Russian mafiyas stepped in and took over a bunch. A lot of Oligarchs.

Glasnost

Openness / tried to save the economy by opening up the economy and society a bit more. Last leader of communist soviet union, last ditch effort to save communism.

Maastricht Treaty

Established the euro so that all of the EU has a shared currency so one isn’t more “valuable” than another.

Tsars/Ivan the Terrible

First communist leader / tsar of Russia.

Ural Mountains Tundra/Steppe

Ural Mountains = The dividing line / boundary between European continent and Asian continent. Old, a lot of resources (Minerals & ores). Tundra = Arctic climate, colder than D climate far northern extreme of Russia. Steppe = short grasses, fertile bread basket, a lot of ag.

Command economy

Economy is the economy of a communist, where a state owns and controls everything.

Bolshevik Revolution

Bolshevik Revolution where they uprooted the Tsars, no more Tsars after 1917.

Day of Conception

Take the day off if you're childbearing and go have intercourse.

BRICS

Allegiance of countries that align with Russia. Equivalent to NATO but its Russia's group of countries that work together economically, militarily, politically, etc.

Fjords polders/entrepot (textbook)

Fjord = Deep v

Irredentism

WHen a country says to another country that a region in someone else's country belongs to the other ethnically, historically, and the country wants that region back. EX. Russian + Ukraine & Palestine + Israel.

Northwestern Uplands/Western Highlands

Ancient / old rock. Wild, Rugged. Glacial / glaciers. Fjord = Deep v

North European Lowlands/Plain

Farming, Agriculture. A lot of people live in this part, flat, plain.

Central Uplands/Plateau

Mining done a lot, coal, ore, etc. Dissected plateau.

Alpine System/Ranges

The alps. Young mountains. Tons of tourism.

European Russia Plains

Giant Plain, flat, very habitable. Most population, lots of forest + big cities.

Ural Mountains

The dividing line / boundary between European continent and Asian continent. Old, a lot of resources (Minerals & ores).

Siberia

VERY cold. Very little population. Has a LOT of the resources but can’t extract a lot due to permafrost.

The Far East

Isolated (politically). The Wild West of Russia.

Marine West Coast Climate

West = More cloudy days than sunny days, pretty wet/rain/moist, but mild temperatures.

D climate

East = Cold and moist, snow, sleet, ice, moisture.

B climate

dry though (South).

Tundra

Arctic climate, colder than D climate far northern extreme of Russia.

Formal Region/Realm

An area of land/territory that is generally well

Functional Regions

An economic region

Vernacular / Perceptual Region

Region in your mind, what we think the south is, what the west, north, etc. is. How people perceive areas.