Coffee

Kaldi

a Ethiopian goat herder, who discovered coffee. Noticed his goats' energetic behavior after eating coffee cherries.

Qahwa

Known for preventing sleep. Arab traders cultivated coffee for the first time on plantations and created a drink called ______

Penny Universities

Coffeehouses in England became popular discussion forums, earning the nickname "_____________" due to the price of a cup of coffee.

Achilles Gaggia

In 1946, he perfected the espresso machine, leading to the creation of cappuccino named after the Capuchin monks' robes.

Coffee Roasting

involves caramelizing sugars and carbohydrates in green coffee beans at around 400 degrees to create flavor and aroma.

2 Most Common Types of Coffee Roasting Equipment

1. Drum Type Machine

2. Hot Air Roaster

Drum Type Machine

roast the coffee as it is tumbled in a rotating drum.

Hot Air Roaster/Machine

also known as fluid bed roasters, roasts the coffee as it tumbles on a current of hot air.

Coffee Blending

the art and science of blending multiple varieties of coffees together to create a balanced, well- rounded flavor and aroma.

Colombia

Balanced & Nutty A smooth coffee with a signature nutty flavor

Guatemala Antigua

Known for its refined acidity, gentle spice flavors, and subtle cocoa-like texture.

Costa Rica Bella Vista

Medium-bodied Arabica coffee with crisp acidity and fruity flavors, sourced from a small family farm in Tres Rios, Costa Rica.

Asia Pacific

Region including the Indonesian archipelago, East Timor, South Asia, and Papua New Guinea, known for producing distinctive coffees.

Sumatra

Spicy, full-bodied coffee with flavors of dried herbs, fresh earth, and low acidity, originating from Indonesia.

Kopi Luwak

The world's most expensive coffee from Indonesia, where coffee cherries are eaten by civets, collected, cleaned, and roasted.

Papua New Guinea

Coffee with bright acidity, citrus notes, smooth body, and cocoa finish from…

Africa/Arabia

Region known for exotic coffees like Kenyan and Tanzanian, setting high quality standards.

Ethiopia

Coffee from small independent farms near Harrar City, with distinct dark berry, rummy spice, and chocolate flavors.

Ethiopia Sidamo

Full-bodied coffee with complex notes of pepper, dark cherry, and chocolate, perfect with chocolate, nuts, and fruits.

Kenya

Juicy, complex coffee with citrus flavors like grapefruit, lemon, and tart orange, ideal for iced coffee.

Arabian Mocha Sanani

Spicy, lush coffee with hints of cocoa and dates, offering a complex, pungent aroma.

Desirable Flavor Qualities

Terms like bright or dry, caramelly, chocolatey, earthy, fragrant, fruity, mellow, nutty, spicy, sweet, wild, and winy.

Undesirable Flavor Qualities

Terms like bitter, bland, carbony, earthy, flat, grassy, harsh, muddy, musty, rubbery, sour, turpeny, watery, and wild

Decaffeination Process

1. Direct Contact

2. Swiss Water Process

Direct Contact

Process using chemicals to decaffeinate green coffee beans.

Swiss Water Process

Non-solvent method for decaffeinating unroasted coffee beans introduced by Coffex in 1979.

Brewing Coffee

The process of flavoring water with roasted and ground coffee beans, with different grind sizes for various brewing methods.

French Press

Preferred method for brewing coffee, using coarse to very coarse grind, steeping in hot water, and pressing down the filter.

Espresso Brewing Process

Involves dosing, tamping, extracting, and achieving the ideal crema layer for a perfect shot of espresso.

Dose

the amount of ground coffee deposited into the portafilter

Tamp

The compaction of the grounds.

Espresso-Based Coffee Drinks

Common beverages like straight espresso, Americano, Macchiato, Cappuccino, Latte, Mocha, and flavored variations.

Specialty Coffees

Unique coffee drinks like Monk’s coffee, Calypso coffee, Russian coffee, Highland coffee, Jamaican coffee, and Seville coffee.

Proper Storage of Coffee

Guidelines for storing coffee to maintain flavor and strength, including ventilation, airtight containers, moisture control, and odor prevention.

Coffee Quantity for Brewing

Amount of ground coffee needed to make specific quantities of black coffee or coffee with milk based on cup sizes.

Rules for Making Coffee

Instructions for using freshly roasted and ground coffee, selecting the correct grind, ensuring cleanliness, measuring coffee to water ratio, infusion time control, temperature management, straining, and serving.

Weak Coffee

Reasons for weak coffee, such as insufficient coffee, short infusion time, stale coffee, or incorrect grind.

Flat Coffee

Causes of flat coffee, including prolonged storage, improper temperature, dirty equipment, stale water, reheating, and insufficient infusion.

Bitter Coffee

Factors leading to bitter coffee, like excessive coffee, long infusion time, incorrect roasting, sediment presence, high infusion temperature, and prolonged storage.