14 - Concepts of Acid-Base Balance and Imbalance
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9 Terms
acid-base balance
the maintenance of arterial blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 through control of hydrogen ion production and elimination
acidosis
an arterial blood pH level below 7.35
acid
a substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (H2O) or body fluids, increasing the amount of free hydrogen ions in that solution
alkalosis
an arterial blood pH level above 7.45
base
a substance that binds free hydrogen ions in solution and lowers the amount of free hydrogen ions in solution
buffer
a substance that when dissolved in fluid can react as either an acid (releasing a hydrogen ion) or a base (binding a hydrogen ion), depending on the pH of that fluid
hyperventilation
the rate and depth of breathing increased above normal
hypoventilation
the rate and depth of breathing decreased below normal
Kussmaul respiration
a pattern of breathing associated with acidosis in which breaths are deep and rapid