midterm review

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)

An act approved by US Congress in 1996 that includes a privacy provision for patient health records

assault

words that lead an individual to fear that he/she will be harmed by another person

DNA

inside the nucleus of the cell are 23 pairs of chromosomes that contain genetic information from both parents; genetic material shaped like a double helix. parts of all living cellls

disease

any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body

anus

site of rectal temperature

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

syndrome

a group of symptoms that together indicate a disease

hypothermia

body temperature below 95 degrees

carotid

the pulse site used in adult CPR

battery

touching a person without consent

four types of tissue in the human body

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

disorder

abnormality of function, which is a pathological condition

97\.5-99.3

normal range for adult temperature taken axillary

AED

automated external defibrillator

advanced directive

legal document in which a patient gives written instructions regarding healthcare issues, in the event the patient becomes unable to make such decisions in the future

homeostatis

state of internal balance achieved by adjusting physiological systems of the body

acute

disease of short duration and sudden onset

five upper body pulse locations

temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial

stop

an electrical shock from the AED does this to the heart

durable power of attorney

legal document that grants another person the authority to make the legal decisions for you

skin

largest organ of the body

morbidity

diseased or unhealthy state

bradycardia

pulse rate less than 60 bpm

anaphylaxis

severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body

guardian

court-appointed person who may make decisions for a patient who is mentally or physically incapable of making such decisions

three layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

prognosis

prediction of the probable outcome of a disease

120-160 bpm

normal range for resting pulse in infants

hemorrhage

excessive blood loss over a short period of time due to an internal or external injury

emancipated minor

a person under 18 years of age who has legally established that he or she does not want to live with parents

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

idiopathic

disease of unknown cause

dyspnea

difficulty breathing, usually observed as SOB

shock

condition in which the body experienced a lack of sufficient oxygen available to the organs and tissues

ombudsman

ensures that patients are not abused and that their legal rights are protected

musculoskeletal system

systems that form the framework which holds the human body together

artherosclerosis

buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an arterial wall that causes the arteries to harden and may lead to a myocardial infarction

hypoxia

lack of adequate oxygen

cyanotic, cyanosis

blue discoloration of the skin

negligence

performing an act that a reasonable person would not have done, or not doing something that a reasonable person would have done

four types of bone in the human body

long, short, flat, irregular

cancer

the acronym CAUTION is used to identify warning signs/symptoms of this prognosis

systolic

part of a blood pressure reading that is taken when the heart muscle contracts and pushes blood through the artery

heimlich maneuver

series of abdominal thrusts performed to remove an object that is lodged in a person’s airway, preventing the person from breathing

duty of care

legal responsibility for healthcare personnel to take reasonable care to avoid causing harm to a patient

three parts of the nervous system

central (CNS), peripheral (PNS), sensory systems

myocardial infarction

medical term for a heart attack

sphygmomanometer

device used to measure blood pressure, commonly known as a blood pressure cuff

rule of nines

method of calculating the surface area of the body that has been affected by burns

good samaritan laws

laws that protect people from legal action after voluntarily giving emergency aid

endocrine system

system responsible for the chemical processes that maintain life

cerebral vascular accident (stroke)

medical emergency in which blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off

hypotension

condition of low blood pressure

third-degree burn

involves all layers of the skin and underlying fat

abitration

method of resolving disputes outside the courtroom

alveoli

main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system

diabetes mellitus

disease caused by insufficient utilization of insulin

edema

retention of fluid in the body tissues that cause swelling, usually in the legs and feet

syncope

medical term for fainting

malpractice

misconduct or lack of skill that results in patient injury

bicuspid and tricuspid valves

the two valves that separate the atriums and ventricles in the heart

urinary system and reproductive system

a urologist works with two different body systems

60-90

normal range for diastolic blood pressure in adults

turn it on

first thing you do when you get an AED

scope of practice

tasks that an employee is legally allowed to perform based on his/her training or certification

monocyte

white blood cell that performs phagocytosis, when it morphs into a macrophage

lymphatic and immune system

immunologists specialize in two body systems

100-130

normal range for systolic blood pressure in adults

seizure

sudden change in the brain’s normal electrical activity

slander

saying something that damages someone’s name or reputation

libel

damaging someone’s good name or reputation in writing

ethics

right or wrong

law

legal or illegal

civil law

tort law

do not resuscitate (DNR)

a legal document made by a patient, which states that CPR or other advanced cardiac life support should not be performed if a patient stops breathing or a patient's heart stops

statue of limitations

the amount of time during which any legal action may be taken; after such time a lawsuit may not be filed

sexual harassment

unwanted sexual advances and other forms of offensive sexual behavior; both men and women can be sexually harassed

informed consent

a form, given to a patient by a doctor, explaining the benefit and risks of a procedure; the patient accepts the risk by signing the informed consent form

body chemicals

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

oxygen

65% of body mass

carbon

19% of body mass

hydrogen

10% of body mass

nitrogen

3% of body mass

calcium

1\.5% of body mass

phosphorus

1% of body mass

differentiation

process through which cells of the body vary according to their specific functions

stem cells

cells in the body that evolve into specific cells in a particular organ system

joint

a place in the body where two bones come together

ligaments

connect bone to bone

tendons

connect muscle to bone

endocrine glands

glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions

metabolism

terms for the chemical processes, occurring within a living organism, that maintain life

exocrine glands

glands that contain a duct, allowing them to secrete their enzymes directly at the site of action; part of the endocrine system

formed elements

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

plasma

the liquid component of blood

leukocytes

white blood cells

thrombocytes

platelets

immunity

ability to resist pathogens

antibody

a protein, produced by the immune system, that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing

terminal disease

a disease that eventually ends in death