Psych final review

clinical psychologist

a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with mental disorders

Plato

Nativism

Aristotle

Empiricism

conformation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Carl Rogers

leading figure in clinical psychology

leaders of Behaviorism

John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner

Psychology definition

the study of the mind, brain and behavoir

William James

Father of American Psychology

Phillip Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Experiment

naturalistic observation method

a method of research based on careful observation of behavior in natural settings, question about study students with holding doors

Reliability

consistency of measurement

experiment

characterized by manipulation of independent variables

dependent variable

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested, test score in the aromatherapy study question

Gestalt interested in

perception and thought

operational learning

The act of learning from watching or hearing about other's experiences. Learning a concept through the actions of others.

demand/reactant flaw in experiments

when the participant does what they think the experimenter wants

IRB (Institutional Review Board)

any academic research needs to be proposed to their IRB, review for ethical violations and/or procedural errors

what is needed for ethical research

submit a IRB form and get informed consent

What does statistical significance mean?

results are likely not due to chance

During the return to negativity, during action potential which ion leaves the cell?

potassium

resting potential of a neuron

-70mV

how many nerves in the human brain

100 billion

order of a impulse through neuron

dendrite, soma, axon, axon terminal

autonomic nervous system

composed of nerves interacting w/ visceral organs

corpus callosum

facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

occipital lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information, if damage is caused here it can be hard to see

limbic system

processes emotion

Hippocampus

important for getting things into long term memory

What does Huntington's disease affect?

basal ganglia

Position Emisson Tomography (PET)

scans of the living brain, radiocative gluose-like molecules

a good hypothesis is

falsifiable

Synapse

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Phineas Gage

had change in personality after damage to prefrontal cortex

what do enriched environment do

create more neural synpases

external validity

extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings

mean

average

Antidepressants boost what neurotransmitter

serotonin

Wernicke's area

can speak but cant comprehend what is said

Locked-in syndrome

Individual is aware and capable of thinking but is paralyzed and cannot communicate

Rods

can see well at night

gate control theory

pain signals must pass through a "gate" located in the spinal cord

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Ames Room

is not a reversible figure

when does happiness peak?

20's and 60's

what allows us to perceive action movies as more than static images?

common fate

fetal peroid

prenatal period of growth when organs develop and become function

inattentional blindness

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Fovea

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster

post conventional morality

Kohlberg's highest stage of morality- occurs late in life and is a personal morality and core principles

what kind of sleep is going from stage 3 to 4 sleep

theta is replaced by delta

longitudinal study

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

stages of addiction

tolerance, withdrawal, craving, addiction/dependence

theory of mind

ability to reason about what other people know or believe

the majority of kid in the ainsworth study have what attachment style

secure attachment

sympathetic nervous system

aroused

asympathetic nervous system

calm

when is delta sleep

before the first rem episode

manifest dreams

what we experience

what stages are sleepwalking in?

stage 3 and 4

size consistency

the tendency to interpret an object as always being the same actual size, regardless of its distance

Pinna

outer ear

when do vivid dream occur?

REM sleep

Perception

the brain's interpretation of raw sensory inputs

an object that is Infront of our fixation part creates________ lmages in our left and right eyes

cross-disparity

Hypnosis

state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

Teratogen

an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo/ birth defects

where is transduction the best

the tip and base of the basilar membrane

what does damage to the dorsal visual system cause?

you being able to recognize but not grasp an object

Midlife (Erikson)

generativity vs stagnation

what sense doesn't project through the thalamus

smell

cocaine

stimulant

what do older people outscore young people in

Vocab

concreate operational stage

a stage of cognitive development during which a child acquires reasoning skills and is able to differentiate between her viewpoints and others

increased noise exposure causes

permanent hair loss

LSD

Hallucinogen

blind spot

where the optic nerve leaves the retina

distributed practice

spacing the study of material to be remembered by including breaks between study periods

mnemonic

a device to aid the memory

functional fixedness

a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions

Thorndike's law of effect is most closely related to which operant conditioning principle?

positive reinforcement

punishment

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

what was the wife doing when she cleaned up while her husband was washing the dog

negative reinforcement

what kind of memory is similar to photographic memory?

Iconic memory

semantic memory

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world( meaning of concepts)

what is a culture fair IQ test

Ravens Progressive martins

Chuncking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

what is considered intellectual disability on The WAIS IQ test

70

proactive interference

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info

Tolman and Henrik's rat experiment latent learning study

showed that the rats were learning but only performed when reinforced

long term memory process

encoding, storage, retrieval

What did the Bobo Doll experiment show?

more aggression in children who had seen the aggressive model

what is the conditioned stimulus for little albert

white rat

what is used to treat autism

applied behavior analysis

when is state dependent learning better for retrieval

when you are in the same state as encoding

constructive memory

we confuse things we learned in the past with current things

analogical reasoning

inferring that what is true of one case will be true of another, similar case

Shaping

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

what types of memory are a part of explicit memory

sematic and episodic

recency effect

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well

what is used to treat phobias?

exposure therapy