Y10 Edexcel Triple Bio Learner guide and end of year revision checklist

Eukaryotic Organisms

Organisms like plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists with distinct characteristics such as multicellularity, presence or absence of chloroplasts, cell walls, and storage of carbohydrates.

Prokaryotic Organisms

Microscopic single-celled organisms like bacteria lacking a true nucleus but containing DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and plasmids.

Pathogen

Disease-causing agents including fungi, bacteria, protoctists, and viruses that infect living organisms and reproduce inside host cells.

Cell Differentiation

Process where unspecialized cells become specialized for specific functions in the body.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport

Processes by which substances move into and out of cells through concentration gradients or cellular energy.

Photosynthesis

Process in plants converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

Balanced Diet

Diet containing appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and dietary fiber for optimal health.

Respiration

Cellular process producing ATP energy through aerobic or anaerobic pathways.

Gas Exchange

Process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in organisms through specialized structures like alveoli in humans and stomata in plants.

Urine Composition

Urine is composed of water, urea, and ions.

Urea

A waste product produced by the liver as it breaks down proteins.

Ions in Urine

Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride found in urine.