Y10 Edexcel Triple Bio Learner guide and end of year revision checklist

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Eukaryotic Organisms

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Biology

13 Terms

1

Eukaryotic Organisms

Organisms like plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists with distinct characteristics such as multicellularity, presence or absence of chloroplasts, cell walls, and storage of carbohydrates.

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2

Prokaryotic Organisms

Microscopic single-celled organisms like bacteria lacking a true nucleus but containing DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and plasmids.

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3

Pathogen

Disease-causing agents including fungi, bacteria, protoctists, and viruses that infect living organisms and reproduce inside host cells.

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4

Cell Differentiation

Process where unspecialized cells become specialized for specific functions in the body.

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5

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

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6

Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport

Processes by which substances move into and out of cells through concentration gradients or cellular energy.

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7

Photosynthesis

Process in plants converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

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8

Balanced Diet

Diet containing appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and dietary fiber for optimal health.

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9

Respiration

Cellular process producing ATP energy through aerobic or anaerobic pathways.

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10

Gas Exchange

Process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in organisms through specialized structures like alveoli in humans and stomata in plants.

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11

Urine Composition

Urine is composed of water, urea, and ions.

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12

Urea

A waste product produced by the liver as it breaks down proteins.

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13

Ions in Urine

Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride found in urine.

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