4 - Synaptic junction

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14 Terms

1
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Define a synapse

junction between two neurons which permits the transmision of a signal from one neuron to another

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State the two main types of synapse

  • electrical

  • chemical

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Electrical synapse

allows for rapid propagation of an action potential between neurons

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Chemical synapse (2)

  • exocytosis of neurotransmitters from pre synaptic membrane bound vesicles to enable communication with a post synaptic cell

  • neurotransmitter binds to receptors of post synaptic cell

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<p>Following action potential (8 points)</p>

Following action potential (8 points)

  1. action potential arrives at axon terminal

  2. depolarisation of axon terminal

  3. activation of voltage gated axon terminal

  4. influx of calcium down conc gradient into axon

  5. increase of calcium triggers fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicle with presynaptic membrane

  6. vesicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft by exocytosis

  7. neurotransmitter binds to post synaptic membrane bound receptor

  8. activcation of post-synaptic membrane bound receptor

<ol><li><p>action potential arrives at axon terminal</p></li><li><p>depolarisation of axon terminal</p></li><li><p>activation of voltage gated axon terminal</p></li><li><p>influx of calcium down conc gradient into axon</p></li><li><p>increase of calcium triggers fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicle with presynaptic membrane</p></li><li><p>vesicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft by exocytosis</p></li><li><p>neurotransmitter binds to post synaptic membrane bound receptor</p></li><li><p>activcation of post-synaptic membrane bound receptor</p></li></ol><p></p>
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What happens to the neurotransmitter following binding?

can be either degraded or recycled back into the pre synaptic neuron

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What do excitatory neurotransmitters do and how?

cause depolarisation of post synaptic cell by triggering an excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)

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How is an excitatory post synaptic potential formed?

binding to receptors that act as ligand gated ion-channels that are permeable to Na ions

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What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do and how?

cause hyperpolarisation of post synaptic cell by triggering an inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)

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How is an inhibitory post synaptic potential formed?

binding to receptors that act as ligand gated ion-channels that are permeable to Cl ions

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List two excitatory neurotransmitters and what they do

  • acetylcholine (common in vertebrates)

  • glutamine (main excitatory neurotransmitter in brain)

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List two inhibitory neurotransmitters and what they do

  • GABA (main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain)

  • Glycine (main inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal chord)

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Define spatial summation

stimulatiuon of multiple neurons at the same time

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Define temporal summation

stimulatiuon of multiple neurons in repeat succession