Life, Cells, and Tissues

Characteristics of living things

- cells

- genetic material

- adapt

- digest/metabolize/excrete

- respiration

- movement

- growth

- boundaries

- reproduction

- evolve

What do we need to survive?

- nutrients

- oxygen

- water

- proper temperature range

- appropriate atmospheric pressure

- protection

Hierarchy of Life

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms

______ follows function

Form

4 types of tissues

1. Nervous

2. Muscle

3. Connective

4. Epithelial

Tissues

groups of cells with similar structure and function

Nervous tissue

controls

Muscle tissue

movement

Connective tissue

supports

Epithelial tissue functions

protection, forms boundaries, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception

Six characteristics of epithelial tissue

1. Polarity

2. Specialized contacts

3. Supported by connective tissue

4. Not vascular (no blood)

5. Innervated

6. Can regenerate

Epithelial tissue covers the surface of an _____

organ

Polarity

different on two ends

Apical surface

upper layer, exposed

Basal surface

bottom layer

Specialized contact

- Covering and lining epithelial tissues fit closely together

- Binds adjacent cells

How is epithelial tissue nourished without blood vessels?

Diffusion by underlying connective tissues

All epithelial tissues have ____ names

2

Simple epithelia

single layer

Stratified epithelia

two or more layers

3 different shapes of cells

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

What layer is the epithelia classified by?

Apical layer

Simple squamous picture

Simple cuboidal picture

Simple columnar picture

Stratified squamous picture

Stratified cuboidal picture

Stratified columnar picture

3 Basic Parts of Human Cells

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Mitochondria

- Contain their own DNA

- Provide ATP (38 per glucose molecule)

Ribosomes

- Site of protein synthesis

- Free and membrane bound ribosomes

Rough ER

- Contains ribosomes

- Manufactures proteins

Smooth ER

- Synthesizes lipids

- Makes hormones

Golgi Apparatus

- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Lysosomes

- Destroys old cells

- Digests bacteria and toxins

Peroxisomes

- Detoxify harmful substances

- Catalysis of fatty acids

- Neutralize free radicals

Microtubules

- Determines overall shape of the cell

- Hollow rods

Nucleus

- Contains DNA

"control center"

Nuclear Envelope

- Double membrane

- Has pores

Nucleoli

- Involved in rRNA synthesis

Mitosis

Creates 2 diploid daughter cells (identical to the parent cell)

Meiosis

Creates 4 haploid daughter cells (only in sperm and egg cells)