Huff Biology 9 - Cell Quiz

What is Cell Theory?

It is the belief that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic building blocks of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

cells without a nucleus

Eukaryotic Cells

cells with a nucleus

Examples of Prokaryotes

bacteria

Examples of Eukaryotes

plants, fungi, animals, protists

What is an organelle?

“little organs” that are membrane-bound structures inside a cell that perform a specific function.

plasma/cell membrane

monitors what goes in and out of cells to help maintain homeostasis

cell wall

structure and support only found in plants, fungi, and bacteria.

nucleus

controls most cell processes and contains DNA only in eukaryotes.

nucleolus

assembles ribosomes inside the nucleus

chromatin

holds instructions for making proteins inside the nucleus.

ribosomes

found throughout the cytoplasm and is the site of protein synthesis. They create proteins for export or cell membrane.

cytoplasm

fluid like jelly that fills the cell. it converts food to energy, stores it, and manufactures substances.

endoplasmic reticulum

found in the cytoplasm and is a system of highly folded membranes

rough ER

modifies proteins made in the ribosomes.

smooth ER

assembles lipid components of the cell membrane and can be involved in the detox of drugs.

golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage inside the cell or to be exported out of the cell.

vacuole

stores materials such as water, salts, carbs, and proteins.

lysosomes

breaks down waste, lipids, carbs, and proteins for use in the cell.

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell that breaks down glucose to make ATP(energy).

chloroplasts and chlorophyll

makes glucose during photosynthesis and is only found in plant cells.

cytoskeleton

system of thin fibers that supports the cell and maintains its shape. it is involved in movement.

centrioles

small, dark bodies found at right angles to each other outside of the nucleus that play an important role in cell division.

cilia

short, hair-like projections related to movement and feeding.

flagella

long, whip-like extensions related to movement and feeding.

What organelles do all cells have?

a cell membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Plant cells have chloroplasts, chlorophyll, a large central vacuole, and cell walls. Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, small vacuoles, and cilia/flagella.