Studied by 205 people
What is Cell Theory?
It is the belief that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic building blocks of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Prokaryotic Cells
cells without a nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells
cells with a nucleus
Examples of Prokaryotes
bacteria
Examples of Eukaryotes
plants, fungi, animals, protists
What is an organelle?
“little organs” that are membrane-bound structures inside a cell that perform a specific function.
plasma/cell membrane
monitors what goes in and out of cells to help maintain homeostasis
cell wall
structure and support only found in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
nucleus
controls most cell processes and contains DNA only in eukaryotes.
nucleolus
assembles ribosomes inside the nucleus
chromatin
holds instructions for making proteins inside the nucleus.
ribosomes
found throughout the cytoplasm and is the site of protein synthesis. They create proteins for export or cell membrane.
cytoplasm
fluid like jelly that fills the cell. it converts food to energy, stores it, and manufactures substances.
endoplasmic reticulum
found in the cytoplasm and is a system of highly folded membranes
rough ER
modifies proteins made in the ribosomes.
smooth ER
assembles lipid components of the cell membrane and can be involved in the detox of drugs.
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage inside the cell or to be exported out of the cell.
vacuole
stores materials such as water, salts, carbs, and proteins.
lysosomes
breaks down waste, lipids, carbs, and proteins for use in the cell.
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell that breaks down glucose to make ATP(energy).
chloroplasts and chlorophyll
makes glucose during photosynthesis and is only found in plant cells.
cytoskeleton
system of thin fibers that supports the cell and maintains its shape. it is involved in movement.
centrioles
small, dark bodies found at right angles to each other outside of the nucleus that play an important role in cell division.
cilia
short, hair-like projections related to movement and feeding.
flagella
long, whip-like extensions related to movement and feeding.
What organelles do all cells have?
a cell membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
Plant cells have chloroplasts, chlorophyll, a large central vacuole, and cell walls. Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, small vacuoles, and cilia/flagella.
