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Denomination

one legal body that un unites several local congregations

congregations

local assembly of people brought for common religion worship

Christianity

Hearth: west bank, present day Israel

Islam

Universalizing religion

Hearth: Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia

Buddhism

Universalizing language

Hearth: northern India/Nepal

Sikhism

Universalizing religion

Hearth: Punjabi region

Hinduism

Ethnic religion

Hearth: India

Judaism

Ethnic religion

Hearth: Israel/lebanon

hierarchical religions

Has defined geographic structure and organizes territory into local administrative units

syncretism

combined culture to create new traditions

agnosticism

existence of God can’t be proven/disproven

fundamentalism

principles of religion are very intense

Mosque

place where community gathers for worship, led by an Iman

Seven language families

• Indo- European

• Turkic

• Niger-Congo

• Drauidian

• Austronesian

• Sino-Tibetan

• Afro-Asiatic

Solstice

the tilt of Earth’s axis is furthest or closest to the sun, resulting in least/most hours of daylight

cosmogony

religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

Indo European spread theories

• Nomadic warrior

  warriors conquered places in Europe and Asia

• Sedentary farmer

  só much food, population increased! Só prople began to migrate

syncretic

traditional religions that combine several traditions

expansional diffusion

spread of cultural traits through in/direct exchange

acculturation

an ethnic/immigrant group migrates to new area and adopts values/cultures of that larger group

mutual intelligibility

people speaking two different ways can understand eachother

animism

the belief that non-living objects, such as rivers/mountains have a spirit

pilgrimage

journey for religious purposes to a sacred place

pagodas

buildings that contain relics of buddha’s body

gurdwara

place for Sikhs to worship

autonomous religions

no central authority

Corporate and share ideas informally

Scale types

• global: shows world at one level of date

• regional: continent or world regions (no political/state boundary lines)

• national: one or more counties (political boundary lines)

• subnational: states

• local: zip code

Peterson map

accurate area, shapes are inaccurate tho

GIS (geographic info system)

computer system handles geographic data

geotagging

identification and storage of info by latitude/longitude

latitude

the distance north or south of the equator

longitude

the distance east/west of the prime meridian

International Date line

arc that follows 180 longitude

density

the frequency of something in a specific area

concentration

the extent of a feature’s spread over a specific area

vernacular region

area that people believe is part of their cultural identity

3 pillars of sustainability

environment pillar: using earth resources sustainably (not depleting natural resources)

Social pillar: details human made shelter, clothing, farming and consumer choices that support sustainability

economic pillar: describes monetary values resources have based on demand

spatial association

distribution of multiples features is related to another

spatial approach

matching patterns of distribution

spatial division

factories established in specific areas based on local labor force

depletion of nutrients

plants use more nutrients then soil restores

peripheral region

surrounds the core limites access to world centers of wealth, power, communications

remote sensing

satellite orbits earth and gets data about earth’s surface

Coordinates Universal time (UTC)

universal reference time

• time zone at primer meridian

formal region

areas where shares one or more distinctive characteristics

scale of analysis

level at which date is displayed on a map

“why of where”

the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial

geographic grid

the latitude and longitude

meridian

longitude lines

parallel

latitude lines

CBR (crude birth rate)

number of live births per 1000 people

Quota

law establishing a max limit on number of immigrants who can immigrate into country

floodplain

area subject to flooding during a specific number of years

potential support ratio

working age/elderly

arithmetic density

total number of people in different areas

total pop/land area

NIR (natural increase rates)

percent growth of a population in a year

cbr-cdr/10

ecumene

portion of earth’s surface occupied by human settlement

total fertility rate

an average for all childbearing woman

number of children/women

delimited boundary

line on map drawn to show boundary

demarcated boundary

identified by physical objects

epidemiologic transition

distinctive growth threats in each stage of the DTM

maternal mortality rate

annual number of deaths relating to pregnancy per 100,000 live births

dependency ratio

number of people who are too young/old compared to the number of people in working age