Aerobic Non-Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli

non-fermenters cannot break down carbohydrates under ____ conditions.

anaerobic

most non-fermenters are obligate aerobes. true or false?

true

non-fermenters form spores (endospores). true or false?

false

most non-fermenters are oxidase ____.

positive

acinetobacter and stenotrophomonas are an exception to other non-fermenters as they are oxidase _____.

negative

most non-fermenters are ____ including soil, water, plants, food, and few normal human flora.

environmental

non-fermenters often have a TSI/KIA reaction of ____.

K/K

_____ refers to metabolizing carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions.

fermentation

_____ refers to metabolizing carbohydrates under aerobic conditions.

oxidation

the term ____ may be used to refer to bacteria that cannot metabolize a carbohydrate fermentatively or oxidatively.

asaccharolytic; nonsaccharolytic; bio-inert

king and hugh liefson are 2 types of ____ media.

OF

for OF media, if a carbohydrate is metabolized, the media will become ____.

acidic

which OF media will have the following result if a carbohydrate is metabolized:

• phenol red → yellow in acid/red in alkaline conditions

king

which OF media will have the following result if a carbohydrate is metabolized:

• bromthymol blue → yellow in acid/green in alkaline conditions

hugh liefson

what is the common carbohydrate in OF media?

glucose

there is no protein in OF media. true or false?

false

what media is semisolid to help the diffusion of acids to see a color change?

OF

the following procedure describes the utilization of ____ media:

• 2 tubes, each with same carbohydrate inoculated

• mineral oil added to top of one tube, creating anaerobic conditions (“closed tube”), test for fermentation

• “open tube” has no mineral oil added to top; tests for oxidation

• incubated tubes, examine daily, 3 days

OF

which bacterial genus is described below:

• lactose negative

• oxidase positive

• nitrate positive

• motile

pseudomonas

pseudomonas fluorescent group produces _____ (pyoverdin).

fluorescein

what refers to the yellow pigment that fluoresces for pseudomonas fluorescent group?

fluorescein

pseudomonas fluorescent group has growth on _____ agar that enhances fluorescein production.

cetrimade

the following species of pseudomonas are part of the pseudomonas _____ group:

• p. aeruginosa

• p. putida

• p. fluorescens

fluorescent

what bacteria is now known as Shewanella putrefacians?

pseudomonas putrefacians

which bacteria has the following characteristics:

• unknown mode of transmission

• rarely found in humans, but has been implicated in cellulitis, otitis media, septicemia

• odor of rotting fish

pseudomonas putrefacians

which bacteria has the following characteristics:

• wrinkled, dry on MAC

• opportunistic, but most often a colonizer, not pathogen

pseudomonas stutzeri

which bacteria is associated with the following:

• burn/wound infections

• pneumonia

  • chronic LRI in cystic fibrosis patients

• eye infections/keratitis in contact lenses wearers (corneal inflammation)

• ear infections: “swimmer’s ear” (external otitis)

• UTIs

• bacteremia

pseudomonas aeruginosa

pseudomonas aeruginosa can be very resistant to antimicrobial agents, sometimes pan-resistant. true or false?

true

carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, UTIs, and surgical site infections as some are resistant to all available antibiotics. true or false?

true

carbepenemase-producing (CP) CRPA are typically ____ to most available antibiotics.

resistant

which bacteria best suits the following characteristics:

• BAP: large, irregularly shaped with a metallic sheen commonly with beta hemolysis

• nearly all strains product pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

• some strains can be mucoid

  • production of alginate (polysaccharide)

  • cystic fibrosis patients

• grape-like odor

pseudomonas aeruginosa

pseudomonas aeruginosa can grow at 42°C. true or false?

true

burkholderia species are generally nonpathogenic to healthy humans hosts with the exception of ____.

burkholderia pseudomallei

burkholderia cepacia is _____ resistant to antimicrobials.

intrinsically

burkholderia cepaciamay colonize respiratory tract of patients with _____.

cystic fibrosis

_____ patients are at higher risk for isolation due to burkholderia cepacia (other than cystic fibrosis).

CGD

____ agar is a selective media for burkholderia cepacia that may be necessary for cystic fibrosis patients that inhibits pseudomonas aeruginosa and produces a pink color.

PC

____ agar is a selective media for burkholderia cepacia that may be necessary for cystic fibrosis patients that produces a yellow color.

OFPBL

burkholderia cepacia is lysine decarboxylation ____ in 80% of isolates.

positive

burkholderia cepacia is lactose positive oxidatively. true or false?

true

what bacteria refers to a contagious disease of livestock, particularly horses, mules, and donkeys?

burkholderia mallei

burkholderia mallei may cause what condition?

glanders

what bacteria is rarely transmitted to humans with the exception of:

• veterinarians

• horse caretakers

• laboratorians

burkholderia mallei

which species of burkholderia best fits the following results:

• lactose negative

• oxidase variable

• non-motile

• oxidizes glucose (not ferment)

• nitrate positive

burkholderia mallei

which species of burkholderia best fits the following results:

• oxidase positive

• nitrate positive

• oxidizes glucose and lactose (not ferment)

burkholderia pseudomallei

what bacteria is associated with the following:

• causes melioidosis

  • endemic to southeast asia and northern austrailia

    • “vietnam time-bomb”: due to variable incubation period

  • S&S

    • fever, pain (chest/joint), cough, abscesses, variable and can affect many different types of organs with various symptomologies

burkholderia pseudomallei

which species of burkholderia best fits the following results:

• transmission:

  • skin (laceration/breaks)

  • inhalation/near drowning

  • increased cases during rainy seasons

• risk factors:

  • diabetes mellitus

  • cystic fibrosis

  • occupation (rice patty farmers)

burkholderia pseudomallei

burkholderia pseudomallei is considered a potential agent of bioterrorism of which category?

B

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• colonization of hospitalized patients from environmental factors

  • medical instrumentation introduces organism to normally sterile sites

• ammonia-like odor

• resistant to most antimicrobials

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

which bacteria best fits the following results:

• oxidase negative (“oxidase negative pseudomonas”)

• oxidizes glucose, but oxidizes maltose more readily

• lysine decarboxylase positive

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• large, smooth, glistening colonies with uneven edges

• lavender-green → light purple pigment with greenish discoloration underneath growth

stenotrophomonas maltophilia

which bacteria was formally known as Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium?

elizabethkingia meningosepticum

which bacteria has been well known to contaminate blood culture systems?

elizabethkingia meningosepticum

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• causes meningitis

• usually associated with neonates but can cause infections in compromised adults as well

• implicated in meningitis and pneumonia hospital outbreaks

elizabethkingia meningosepticum

elizabethkingia meningosepticum can grow on routine lab media with a slight ____ color on BAP and is a non-lactose fermenter on MAC.

yellow

acinetobacter species can be normal flora of GI/respiratory tract. true or false?

true

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• obligate aerobe

• coccobacillus (stumpy) → filamentous

• oxidase negative

• non-motile

• nitrate negative

• catalase positive

acinetobacter baumanii

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• BAP: smooth, opaque, raised, creamy, can be small

• MAC: lactose negative but may have a purplish hue that can be mistaken for a lactose fermenter

acinetobacter baumanii

which multi-drug resistant bacteria was associated with the military?

acinetobacter baumanii