APUSH Period 2

Jamestown est. (1607)

-Jamestown was first permanent English settlement founded by Virginia Company of London (John Smith and John Rolfe)
-settlers' main goal was to find gold and silver
-John Smith: leader of colony, established good relations with nearby Native groups
-John Rolfe: introduced new strain of tobacco which became foundation of Virginia's economy, led to Virginia's prosperity

Anglo-Powhatan War (1609-1613)

-Series of wars between English settlers in Virginia and Powhatan Confederacy driven by land disputes and resource competition
-Resulted in decline of indigenous power in the region and increase of English expansion

Headright system created (1618)

-A headright granted certain amount of land to individuals for each person they brought to colonies
-Encouraged more settlers and immigrants, Helped to populate and develop colony
-Concentrated power to few wealthy landowners

Virginia House of Burgesses created (1619)

-First representative legislature assembly in the American colonies
-Significant step towards self governance, allowed colonists to participate in decision-making and laying groundwork for future democracy in America

Plymouth Est. (1620)

-Established by group of English Puritans seeking religious freedom, landed in present day Massachusetts
-Created Mayflower Compact on ship (a document for self-governance)

Colony of Maryland est. (1632)

-Established by Lord Baltimore as a haven for English Catholics seeking religious freedom
-Policies of religious tolerance, successful tobacco economy, attracted diverse population

Roger Williams exiled (1635)

-Exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colony due to controversial views on religious freedom and separation of church and state
-Williams advocated for fair treatment of indigenous people

Anne Hutchinson banished (1637)

-Anne Hutchinson: Puritan who organized religious meetings for women and challenged political authority of clergy, tried and excommunicated

Fundamental Orders created. (1639)

-Created by settlers of the Connecticut River Valley, established framework for self-governance in Connecticut
-Included representative assembly and election of governor (democratic ideals)

New England Federation est. (1643)

-Defensive alliance among Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven
-Formed to address mutual concerns (ex: Native American threats), first attempts at cooperative governance in the colonies

Navigation Laws (1651)

-Series of British regulations aimed at controlling colonial trade
-Certain goods produced in colonies (tobacco, sugar) must be shipped exclusively to England, promoting British economic interest only

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

-Led by Nathaniel Bacon who rallied discontented settlers against Governor William Berkely
-Causes: high taxes, lack of protection against NA attacks, favoritism to wealthy planters only

Dominion of New England est. (1686)

-Established by King James II as administrative union between colonies
-Curtailed self-governance, stricter regulations

Salem Witch Trials (1693)

-Series of hearings and persecution in Massachusetts
-young girls claimed to be cursed and accused innocent women of being witches

The First Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s)

-Religious revival that swept through American colonies
-Individual salvation, challenged religious authority leading to religious diversity and democratic government

Zenger Trial (1733)

-New York printer John Peter Zenger accused of libel for publishing criticism of Governor William Cosby
-Represents desire for freedom of the press in America (people have right to criticize government officials)