Heart Anatomy & Histology

2000 gallons

how many gallons of blood a day does the heart pump?

pericardium

made up of two layers, the outermost layer of the heart

2000 gallons

how many gallons of blood a day does the heart pump?

pericardium

made up of two layers, the outermost layer of the heart

fibrous pericardium

outermost layer of the pericardium, very tough, prevents over expanding under high pressure, anchors heart to surrounding structures

serous pericardium (parietal layer of peric)

innermost layer of the pericardium, made up of 2 layers with a fluid membrane in between

epicardium (visceral layer of serous peric)

innermost layer of the serous pericardium, closest to the heart side

pericardial cavity

fluid filled space between two layers of the serous membrane

pericarditis

pericardial cavity fills with fluid which leads to pericardial friction rub which inhibits the hearts ability to expand fully

cardiac tamponade, drops cardiac output

what can pericarditis lead to?

myocardium

the heart muscle, contractile

endocardium

layer of the heart between the myocardium and the heart chambers, made up of a thin layer of epithelial tissue

to prevent the AV valves from turning inside out when the ventricles contract

what is the purpose of the papillary muscles in the heart?

foramen ovale

hole in the interatrial septum of fetus

incompetent/insufficient

valve pathology where it doesn’t close completely and leads to backflow of the blood

stenosis

stiffening of the heart valves which makes it harder to get blood out which leads to the heart working harder which can lead to heart failure

angina

temporary blockage or partial blockage of a portion of an artery that can be caused by stress induced artery spasms or atherosclerosis—chest pain (treatment: nitroglycerine)

Myocardial Infarction

complete blockage of an artery leads to tissue death, heart muscle does not heal, caused by atherosclerosis (build up of fatty plaque in the arteries causes blockage)— treatment coronary atery bypass surgery or stent

pulmonary circuit

pathway of blood from heart to lungs to heart, low pressure, exits hear via pulmonary trunk-pulmonary arteries- lung capillaries (oxygenated here)- pulmonary veins

systemic circuit

pathway of blood from the heart to the body to the heart, high pressure because farther to go and working against gravity, exits aorta-arteries-capillaries-veins-vena cava and coronary sinus to right atrium