Art Appreciation Online Mid-Term

What was listed as some of the (possible) functions of Stonehenge?

According to the text, what do artists do for society?

they **create spaces and places** for human experience, **transform the ordinary** into the extraordinary, **record and commemorate** significant events, make **abstract or unknown ideas tangible**, and make **human feelings tangible** through visual expression.

How does Starry Night communicate emotion?

The painting allows viewers to "feel" the emotions portrayed rather than just look at them; it serves as a primary example of how feelings are best understood when communicated expressively in visual form.

What invention altered the painting style of Pablo Picasso?

The invention of the **camera** (photography) changed the role of the artist from recording realistic images to seeking new ways of expression, leading Picasso to move away from naturalistic appearances.

Can abstract paintings require as much skill or forethought as paintings that are rendered realistically?

Yes; a lack of lifelike representation does not mean a work required less skill or forethought. Abstract and non-representational art still aim to communicate thoughts, ideas, and feelings effectively.

What helped establish Mona Lisa as a celebrity painting?

color reproductions, 1911 stolen

What happened to Mona Lisa in 1911?

stolen

Has the Mona Lisa been cleaned?

No

What was important to Warhol’s culture in the 1962?

Consumer culture

In what way did Warhol make “advertisements as art”?

everyday objects and acknowledged aesthetic worth

For 15th century viewers of Arnolfini and His Bride, what are some obvious symbols of wealth?

Rug, etc.

Is the woman in Lady Liberty Leading the People real or allegory?

allegory

What historical event relates to Lady Liberty Leading the People?

French july revolution of 1830

How does The Oxbow communicate ideas about manifest destiny?

celebration of, romantic landscaping

What are some things that can be seen in the details of The Oxbow

How does line convey mood and feeling?

Lines are used by artists to communicate direction and motions, and they can be employed specifically to evoke certain feelings or ideas in the viewer.

How do lines move the viewer’s eye throughout artwork?

Lines act like **"invisible arrows"** or "leading lines" that subconsciously guide the viewer’s gaze through a composition and direct it toward specific centers of interest.

Know the basics of the color wheel (Primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors)

There are three primary colors which, when mixed together, can create the rest of the colors on the color wheel.

Be able to explain basic color schemes (complementary, triadic, analogous, monochromatic)

Complementary colors** are those positioned opposite each other on the color wheel. Other schemes used by artists to communicate thoughts include analogous, triadic, and monochromatic.

Be able to explain the basic ideas of one-point and two-point linear perspective.

In one-point linear perspective, parallel lines are made to converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line to create an illusion of depth.

In the Renaissance, what shape dominated the composition?

The **triangle** was the dominant shape used to control compositions during the Renaissance.

What color makes people feel hungrier and want to move?

Red

What colors seem brighter when placed side by side?

Complementary colors** (opposites on the color wheel) appear more vibrant and intense when placed next to each other.

What are some things the artist can do to make things appear to recede in the distance with atmospheric perspective?

An artist can make objects appear further away by making them paler, more blue, and less distinct.

What great efforts did Gericault make to assure that his painting The Raft of the Medusa

accurately captured the event?

Interviews survivors, makes model of raft, paint body parts

Originally, what took place in the room where The Last Supper was located?

Monks would have meals

What moment is being depicted in the The Last Supper?

Jesus saying that a disciple will betray him. Eucharist as well

Why is The Last Supper in a ruined condition?

Oil paint usage, monastery bombed

What kind of atmosphere was Renoir trying to capture in Le Moulin de la Galette?

Renoir aimed to capture the energy of motion and life as it was happening, filled with consistent lighting and colors that suggest a specific time of day. Liveliness

How did Seurat explore “pure color” in A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte?

Seurat used tiny dabs of color placed side-by-side (Pointillism), allowing the **viewer's eye to mix the colors** from a distance for a purer effect than physical mixing on a palette.

How does an artist achieve unity in their work?

Unity can be achieved by using consistent brush marks of similar thickness, size, and form, or through conceptual relationships where different elements (like images and text) relate to a central theme. Repetition

What is the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical balance? Which is more complicated to use?**

Symmetrical balance** occurs when forms mirror each other across a center line. **Asymmetrical balance** is achieved when sides do not match but visual weight is still equalized through various elements; it is considered **trickier** and more complicated to use.

Be familiar with the 6 examples of methods used to create more visual weight.

Visual weight is increased when a form is **larger**, has more **texture**, contains more **contrast**, appears more **complex**, is **isolated**, or features a **"louder" pattern**.

Which ancient civilization was obsessed with determining the most perfect proportions of man? How does this manifest in Doryphoros?

The Ancient Greeks were obsessed with perfect proportions. In the Doryphoros, the head is rendered as exactly one-seventh of the total body height, with every other part meticulously measured to fit their ideal.

Whose writings influenced Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing Vitruvian Man?

Vitruvius

What historic event is being depicted in Third of May, 1808? Be familiar with the historical

context.

French shoot spanish people thinking they are planning something

What techniques does De Goya use to create a focal point in his work Third of May, 1808?

Goya uses a brightly colored shirt with high contrast, rifles that act as leading lines pointing at the subject, and gives the subject a unique pose with arms outstretched to demand the viewer's attention.

Goya uses symbolic language to refer to which historical martyr?

Jesus

How does the visible loose brushwork in Third of May, 1808 create a sense of immediacy?

Quick marks made

Be able to thoroughly explain the golden ratio (1:1.618) and the Golden rectangle/spiral.

Be able to list at least five examples of the golden ratio in nature, as well as specific examples on your body.

Be able to list at least five examples of the golden ratio in manmade design.

Be able to list a couple examples of the golden ratio in the Bible.

What is the benefit of using drawing pencils instead of regular, standard pencils?

Wider range of values

Which makes a darker mark- 2H or 2B?

2B; Higher H = lighter, higher B = darker

How can one avoid running out of room on the paper when attempting to accurate draw an object?

plot out area the objects occupy

Know that oil pastel produces a thick, waxy mark (like lipstick) while chalk pastels produce a smooth, chalky (or powdery) mark

How does the creative process involve chaos and clarity?

The journey begins with **chaos and uncertainty** (the "wandering in the wilderness" phase) during brainstorming and research. The artist eventually moves through this to reach a final "moment of **clarity**" where the work becomes seamless and streamlined.

Which paint is slowest to dry?  Oil, acrylic, or watercolor?

Oil

What is the most convenient paint for portability, traveling, etc…?  Oil, acrylic, or watercolor?

Watercolor

What are some of the pros/cons of oil paint, acrylic paint, and watercolor?

oil paint(blend values and colors, slow drying), acrylic paint(better for layering and bolder), and watercolor(like staining)

How is watercolor like staining?

Which is the most convenient paint for portability, traveling, etc…?

watercolor

In what ways was Pollock’s painting approach to painting revolutionary?

Lay canvas on the ground and untraditional brushes and paint types

Why is Chuck Close interested in painting portraits?

To remember the faces of friends

Why did Chuck Close’s style change?

spinal injury

What is the basic concept of a relief print?

A relief print is made by applying ink to a **raised surface** and transferring that image to paper.

When creating a woodcut, which areas are carved out of the wood— the white areas or the dark areas?

The **white areas** (the areas the artist does *not* want to receive ink) are carved away.

Know that the Great Wave  is the most famous Japanese woodblock print.

Know that The Great Wave was meant to be printed in large numbers.

When photography was introduced in the 19th century, was it embraced immediately by the public as an art form?

No; it was initially viewed as a mechanical process that did not require the same time or skill as painting or sculpture.

Why did Stieglitz believe photography was a fine art?

He believed it followed the same playbook of design as painting, utilizing elements like balance, rhythm, emphasis, contrast, and harmony to create intentional compositions.

What was the name of the first photographic process that permanently captured the projected image?

daguerreotype

Why has the internet has pushed illustrators to develop a unique style?

to stand out, availability of everything

How should text in graphic design work be incorporated into images with distinct lines of sight?

should follow the lines of the work

Name a few fonts you should always avoid.

Papyrus, comic sans

What does it mean to contrast font types?

2 different fonts that are very different

What is an ‘orphan’ in a paragraph?

word separated from rest of paragraph

What are some characteristics of a great logo?

simplified, capture mask(goals) or company, memorable

According to the video, how is sculpture different from other art forms?

Sculpture steps into the viewer's world in a direct, physical way and must be experienced from multiple angles and perspectives rather than just one.

Be familiar with the four different approaches and techniques of sculpture.

1. Carving: A subtractive process of chipping away material (stone, wood)., 2. Modeling: Shaping soft material like clay., 3. Assembling: Joining different materials together., 4. Casting: Pouring melted material into a mold to harden

How does installation art involve the experience of the viewer?

It is often large-scale and may occupy an entire room, focusing specifically on how the viewer interacts with and experiences the work within that specific space and time.

According to the myth behind Laocoön and His Sons, What was the gift he tried to warn his people from accepting?

Trojan horse

What was said to be one of the most remarkable things Michelangelo portrays of Jesus in Pieta?

His weight/flesh

Who was Rodin’s sculpture The Thinker originally intended to represent?

every man

Know that there are multiple “originals” of The Thinker.

What was so radical about Duchamp’s Fountain?

took rando objects he didn’t make and called it art

In ancient history, who received credit for a work of art?

The person who was purchasing it/comissioning it

What is the first step when working with clay?

The first step is wedging, which involves kneading the clay to remove all air pockets so it does not explode in the kiln.

Why does one make incisions into two pieces of clay before joining them together?

This is called scoring; it creates a rough surface that, when combined with water, helps interlock the forms and prevents them from detaching.

Does ceramic glaze color look different after it’s been fired in the kiln?

Yes; glazes typically do not look like their intended color upon application. A chemical reaction during firing turns the glaze into its final, intended color.

Who was the Pantheon originally built to honor and worship?

All roman gods

Know that the Pantheon is still the largest unsupported dome in the world.

What were some of the challenges Brunelleschi faced when approaching the dome's design?

not enough wood, odd shape, winds

What did Brunelleschi's solution of the dome’s design and construction involve?

2 domes

What was so impressive about the Crystal Palace?

Amount of glass, radical methods

How long have workers been constructing Antoni Gaudi’s Sagrada Família?

Construction began in 1882. As of the 2020s, it has been under construction for over 130 years and is projected to be completed in the 2030s.

abstract art

art that distances itself from external representations

acrylic paint

asynthetic, quick-drying paint that is water soluble.

action painting

nonrepresentational painting in which the physical act of applying paint to a support in bold, spontaneous gestures supplies the expressive content.

aesthetics

a branch of philosophy concerned with the feelings aroused in us by sensory experiences such as seeing and hearing.

allegorical figure

a character that represents abstract meanings or ideas

assembling

sculpting technique involving materials joined together

asymmetrical balance

where equilibrium is achieved by the balance differences in the art elements within a composition