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What report highlights regional and state differences in health outcomes in the U.S.?

The Shorter Lives/Poorer Health Report

What are some cause-specific trends highlighted in the Shorter Lives/Poorer Health Report?

Deaths related to homicides, suicides, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and drug use.

What recent trends are observed in obesity across U.S. regions/states?

Variation in obesity rates across different regions and states.

How do obesity patterns compare to trends in diabetes and heart disease?

Obesity patterns show distinct trends compared to diabetes and heart disease.

What factors influence state differences in U.S. life expectancy trends?

State-level structures and recent trends affecting states' power to shape population health.

What concept did Homan analyze regarding state contexts?

Structural sexism and structural racism.

What are potential shortcomings of a state-centric approach to understanding U.S. mortality trends?

It may overlook complexities in population composition and place-based differences.

What specific causes of death have changed over time at the county level?

Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and drug-related disorders.

Why is the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health significant in population health research?

It reveals how SES impacts health outcomes and disparities.

What is the difference between Socioeconomic Status and Social Class?

SES refers to economic and sociological factors, while social class encompasses broader social hierarchies.

What SES indicators are commonly used in health studies?

Income, education, and occupation are frequently used indicators.

What is the education-mortality gradient?

It describes how higher education levels correlate with lower mortality rates.

How does gender interact with SES in health outcomes?

Gender can influence the SES-health association, affecting health disparities.

What trends are observed in educational disparities in U.S. adult mortality?

These disparities can be narrowing, widening, or remaining stable over time.

What evidence supports the idea that SES causally affects health and mortality?

Various studies and longitudinal data suggest a causal relationship.

How has income and wealth inequality in the U.S. changed since the 1980s?

There has been a significant increase in inequality, especially post-Great Recession.

What does Palloni mean by social categories being 'sticky'?

It refers to the difficulty of moving between social classes over time.

How does childhood health status relate to adult health outcomes?

Childhood health can significantly influence adult health, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of social class.

What is the 'default American lifestyle' according to Mirowsky and Ross?

It refers to lifestyle choices that are common in the U.S. that can negatively affect health.

What challenges exist in studying the income-mortality association?

Variability in data, changes over time, and geographic differences complicate the study.

What is Geronimus's 'Weathering' hypothesis?

It posits that chronic stress from systemic racism leads to early health deterioration in marginalized populations.

What are the conceptual differences between sex and gender?

Sex refers to biological differences, while gender encompasses social roles and identities.

What is the contribution of cigarette smoking to gender differences in U.S. mortality?

Smoking significantly contributes to higher mortality rates among men compared to women.

What is the 'gender paradox' in health/mortality?

It refers to the observation that women generally live longer than men despite experiencing more health issues.

What is Rieker et al.'s 'Constrained Choice' theory?

It explains how social and structural factors limit health choices for different genders.

What does 'structural stigma' refer to?

It describes societal-level stigma that affects the health of marginalized groups.