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Higher Order Conditioning
A form of conditioning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a previously conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Conditioned Response (CR)
The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become conditioned.
Classical Conditioning
A learning process that involves associating an initially neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Avoidance Behavior
A response that prevents the occurrence of a stimulus, often driven by fear or anxiety.
Socialism as a Neutral Stimulus
In the context of political advertisements, it serves as a neutral stimulus that can be conditioned to produce a fear response.
Fear Response
An emotional reaction to a perceived danger, which can be conditioned through associations with certain stimuli.
Advertising and Classical Conditioning
The use of classical conditioning techniques in advertisements to elicit emotional responses and influence consumer behavior.
Sexualization in Advertising
The practice of using sexual imagery or themes to promote products, which may evoke strong conditioned responses among consumers.
Conditioned Emotional Response
An emotional reaction to a conditioned stimulus that has been learned through classical conditioning.
Extinction in Conditioning
The reduction or elimination of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.
Reconditioning
The process of reestablishing a conditioned response after it has been extinguished.
Generalization in Classical Conditioning
The tendency for a conditioned response to occur in response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Discrimination in Classical Conditioning
The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond only to the conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Taste Aversion
A learned aversion to a particular taste after it has been associated with illness.
Phobia
An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation, often developed through classical conditioning.
Taste Preference Learning
A learning process where individuals develop a preference for certain tastes based on positive experiences.
Mere Exposure Effect
The phenomenon where individuals develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
Operant Conditioning vs Classical Conditioning
Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences (reinforcement/punishment), whereas classical conditioning is based on associations between stimuli.
