Endomembrane & Cytoskeleton Quiz | AP Biology

Rough ER

• Synthesis of proteins

• Ribosomes attached

• Glycoproteins

Smooth ER

• Synthesis of lipids

• No ribosomes attached

• Detoxification

Microtubules | Cytoskeleton

• Thick

1. Makes tracks for organelles

2. Spindle fibers

3. Centrioles (animal cells)

Microfilament | Cytoskeleton

• Thin

1. Actin myosin (muscle cells)

2. Cellular

3. Pseudopodia Amoeba

4. Contracting ringor microfilaments

Intermediate Filament | Cytoskeleton

• Not broken

1. Reinforce cell shapes

2. Important structure of nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

• No membrane bound organelles

• Single circular chromosome

• DNA in nucleotide region

Eukaryotic Cell

• Membrane bound organelle

• Linear chromosome

• DNA in nucleus

Endomembrane System (EMS)

Interior of eukaryote is packed with thin membrane that divides cells into compartments

Ribosomes

• 2 subunits join only when attached to mRNA

• Ribosomes on rER = proteins go into golgi body

• Free ribosomes make proteins (float in cytoplasm)

Chromosomes found in metaphase

Condensed version seen during cell division

Chromatin Strand

• DNA with histones

• Loose (uncondensed)

• Interphase

• NOT dividing

Contractile Vacuole

Paramecium (lives in water)

Lysosomes

• Food

• Membrane bound organelle

• Comes out of golgi apparatus

Lysosome Hydrolytic

• Digest

• Comes out of golgi apparatus

Cytoskeleton

Dynamic framework for support & movement

Vesicles

• Lysosomes

• Arise from golgi apparatus

• Contains hydrolytic enzyme (digesting food)

• Breaks down macromolecules old organelles by phagocytosis & works best in acidic pH