APUSH Unit 5 ID Quiz Terms

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson

the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as he was vice president at that time; favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the newly freed people who were formerly enslaved

Paternalism

the idea that slavery was a set of reciprocal obligations between masters and slaves, with slaves providing labor and obedience and masters providing basic care and necessary guidance

Wage slavery

a person's dependence on wages (or a salary) for their livelihood, especially when wages are low, treatment and conditions are poor, and there are few chances of upward mobility

Mexican American War

an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848; followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory because Mexico refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco

Compromise of 1850

a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War; first, allowed California to enter the Union as a free state; second, divided to rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah; third, Eended the slave trade in Washington D.C., the nation's capital; fourth, included a strict, fugitive slave law; fifth, settled a border dispute between Texas and New Mexico

Fugitive Slave Act

part of the Compromise of 1850; required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state; also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves

Uncle Tom's Cabin

a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 portraying slavery as brutal and immoral; he novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S., and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the [American] Civil War"

Moderate Abolitionism

abolitionists who believed that slavery should be phased out gradually, in order to ensure the economy of the Southern states would not collapse

Freedman's Bureau

provided assistance to tens of thousands of formerly enslaved people and impoverished whites in the Southern States and the District of Columbia in the years following the war; helped freedpeople establish schools, purchase land, locate family members, and legalize marriages

Harriet Beecher Stowe

female American author and abolitionist; came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans

Manifest Destiny

a belief in the 19th-century United States that White American settlers were destined to expand across North America

Missouri Compromise

an agreement reached in 1820 made by Henry Clay between Northern and Southern states in the United States that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state; established the 36°30′ parallel as the dividing line between slave states and free states in the Louisiana Purchase Territory

Popular Sovereignty

the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy

Radical Abolitionism

an abolitionist who called for an immediate end to slavery nationwide, and some also believed that violence was a suitable way to enact abolition

William Lloyd Garrison

an American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer; best known for his widely read anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator

Frederick Douglass

an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman; the most important leader of the movement for African-American civil rights in the 19th century

American Colonization Society

an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and send free African-Americans to Africa as an alternative to emancipation in the United States

Cotton Diplomacy

the diplomatic methods used by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to coerce Great Britain and France to support the Confederate war effort by implementing a cotton trade embargo against Britain and the rest of Europe

Kansas Nebraska Act

a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska; drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas; repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty

Stephen Douglas

an American politician and lawyer from Illinois; one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln; one of the brokers of the Compromise of 1850 which sought to avert a sectional crisis; to further deal with the volatile issue of extending slavery into the territories, he became the foremost advocate of popular sovereignty

Republican Party

emerged to combat the expansion of slavery into American territories after the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; consisted of northern Protestants, factory workers, professionals, businessmen, prosperous farmers, and after the Civil War, former black slaves

Nativism

the belief that native-born Americans are superior to immigrants; movement based on hostility to immigrants, especially Irish & Catholic ones

John Brown

prominent leader in the American abolitionist movement in the decades preceding the Civil War; the embodiment of all their fears—a white man willing to die to end slavery—and the most potent symbol yet of aggressive Northern antislavery sentiment; led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (which became West Virginia), intending to start a slave liberation movement that would spread south; he had prepared a Provisional Constitution for the revised, slavery-free United States that he hoped to bring about

Emancipation Proclamation

a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War; declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free"

Presidential Reconstruction

Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people; Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South

Radical Reconstruction

newly enfranchised Black people gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress; began with the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867

Thaddeus Stevens

an American politician and lawyer who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania; one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s; involved with the Underground Railroad, directly assisting runaway slaves

13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

the 13th Amendment abolished slavery; the 14th Amendment gave citizenship to all people born in the US; the 15th Amendment gave Black Americans the right to vote

Wade Davis Bill

a bill published in 1864 "to guarantee to certain States whose governments have been usurped or overthrown a republican form of government," proposed for the Reconstruction of the South

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states; divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts

President Grant

an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877; as commanding general, he led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865 and thereafter briefly served as U.S. secretary of war

Compromise of 1877

an unwritten political deal to settle the intense dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election, ending the filibuster of the certified results and the threat of political violence in exchange for an end to federal Reconstruction; gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the end of Reconstruction in the South

President Hayes

an American military officer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881; served in the Union Army during the Civil War