Bilogy II Exam 2

Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

what organisms belong to the phylum Cnidaria

They have true tissues (All phylum from here on have tissues)

What are true about tissue from phylum Cnidaria onward in animal phyla

Spongocoel

The main internal cavity of the body

Water pores

Throughout the body to let water in

Osculum

Hole at the top where water exists

They are mostly carnivores

What are the dietary habits of phylum Cnidaria

They spawn by releasing gametes into the water

How does sexual reproduction work in the phylum Cnidaria

Budding

How does asexual reproduction occur in phylum Cnidaria

Diploblastic and radial

What is the body organization and symmetry of phylum Cnidaria

2

How many body forms are common in each species of phylum Cnidaria

Medusa

Body form that is mobile, they swim or float

Polyp body form

Body form that is sessile, attached to a substrate

Polyp and medusa

What are the two body forms in Cnidaria

On tentacles

Where are Cnidae usually located

Protection, food collection, and locomotion

What are the three functions of cnidae

Nematocysts

What is the most common type of stinging cnidae

Comb jellies and sea walnuts

What are the common names for organisms in phylum Ctenophora

Diploblastic, radial, and they have true tissues

What is the body organization, symmetry, and tissue type of phylum Ctenophora

Phylum Ctenophora

Sexual reproduction is typical, and they are hermaphroditic

Carnivorous

What are the dietary habits of phylum Ctenophora

Colloblasts

What structures do ctenophora use to catch prey

Colloblasts

Sticky structures compared to Spider-Man webbing

Flatworms

What is the common name for phylum platyhelminthes

Platyhelminthes

Parasites, predators, and decomposers (with most being free living)

All are Hermaphrodites

How do platyhelminthes reproduce sexually

Regeneration

How do platyhelminthes reproduce asexually

Roundworms

What is the common name for phylum nematoda

Class turbellaria

Class that is most free living

Class eustoda

Class, that is endoparasite such as tapeworms

Class trematoda

Class that has flukes

Phylum nematoda (roundworms) Which exists in high densities

What are the most numerous animals in the world?

Nutrient recycling

Why are free living nematodes critical for the environment?

Nematode

Almost every species on earth has a ______ parasite

They are common crop pests

Besides being parasite and free living, what other role do nematodes play

Caenorhabditis elegans

What specific organism is mentioned as an example under phylum nematoda

Aging, genetics, apoptosis, and development

What biological topics is Caenorhabditis elegans used to study?

Caenorhabditis elegans

It has six chromosomes and was first animal with a sequenced genome

Segmented worms

What is the common name for phylum annelida

Annelida and Arthropoda and mollusca

Phylum that has protosomes and coelomates

Metamerism

The serial repetition of segments and organs

Hermaphrodite

How do you annelids reproduce sexually?

Regeneration

How do annelids reproduce asexually?

Metamerism in phylum Arthropoda

It features fused segment

Chitin

What is the arthropod exoskeleton made of?

Chitin

A polysaccharide

Jointed appendages

What type of appendages do arthropods have?

Ecdysis

The molting of exoskeleton

Decomposers, predators, and parasitic

What are the three feeding roles found in phylum Arthropoda

They normally have separate sexes

How is sex in reproduction typically handled in phylum arthropoda

Nematoda

Phylum that are protosomes and pseudocoelomates

Cuticle of Nematoda

A non-cellular covering

Sexually

How do nematodes reproduce?

Marine (ocean)

What environments do polychaeta live in

Class Polychaeta

They have many chaetae

Chaetae

Bristle like appendages

Parapodia

Extensions of the body wall used for movement

Earthworms and leeches

What common organisms belong to class clitellata

A few

How many bristles do clitellata have

Clitellum

A reproductive structure that secretes a cocoon for embryos

Reciprocal impregnation

What unique reproductive method is listed for clitellata

Polychaeta and ciltellata

What two classes are in phylum annelida

Class arachnida

Spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions

Class myriapoda

Centipedes and millipedes

Class Crustacea

Crabs, crayfish, lobsters, pillbug, shrimp, krill, and barnacles

It is reinforced with calcium carbonate

What is unique about the extra skeleton of class crustacea

Class insecta

They have six legs and body segments fused into three main parts

Nutrient cycling, pollination, acting as pest, affecting agricultural food storage, and transmitting disease

What is the ecological in agricultural importance of insects?

Herbivores, carnivores, and filter feeders

What are the three feeding types found in phylum mollusca

They reproduce with separate sexes

How do mollusks handle sexual reproduction?

A foot and a mantle

What are the common body parts of a mollusk and their function?

45,000 sp.

How many crustacea is there

1 million

How many class insecta is there?

Movement

Place with the organs

What do these parts do in phylum mollusca?

Foot

Mantle

Class Gastropoda

Snails and slugs

Class Cephalopoda

Octopuses, squid, and cuttle fish

Bilateral symmetry

Radial symmetry

State the symmetry for phylum echinoderms life cycle

Larvae:

Adults:

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum that has coelomates and deuterostomes

Hermaphrodites

How do echinoderms handle sexual reproduction

Echinoderms

Herbivores or predators and are slow moving or sessile

Class Asteroidea

Sea stars

Echinoidea

Sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea biscuits

Echinoderms

Have changeable connectable tissues and can vomit up their internal organs

Class Bivalvia

Oysters, clams, mussels

6,500 sp

How many species of phylum echinodermata

echinoderms

Triploblastic ( through they have secondary radial symmetry)

2

How many phylum are deuterostomes

Nematocyst

The Specialize, stinging organelle found inside the cells of phylum Cnidaria used for capturing prey and defense

Spicules

Sharp microscopic, spikes or crystalline structures made of calcium carbonate or silica that provides structural support and defense for sponges

Spongin

A flexible, fibrous protein that forms the skeletal structure of mini sponges, providing them with support and elasticity

Invertebrate

An animal that lacks a vertebrae column, backbone, or bony skeleton

Triploblastic and bilateral

What is the body shape and symmetry of Platyhelminthes

Platyhelminthes

Phylum that has protosomes and acelomate

Yes

Does Platyhelminthes have organs

Acoelomate

An animal with no body cavity between the gut and the outer body wall

Pseudocoelomate

An animal with a body cavity that is only partially linen with tissue derived from the mesoderm

Coelomate

An animal with a true body cavity that is completely enclosed in line tissue derived from the mesoderm

Annelida and arthropoda

Name the two phylum that exhibit metamerism

Because of their chitinous exoskeleton prevents dehydration and their jointed limbs and wings allow for incredible mobility and their fused body segments

Why are insects the most successful animal group on the Earth?

Gastropoda

They typically process the single spiraled shell and cross slowly on their ventral foot

Bivalvia

The body is completely enclosed within the shell split into two hinged sides. They lack a distinct tent and are typically sessile filter feeders.