AP World Midterm Unit 1

Confucianism

Focused on social harmony and founded by Confucius in China

Mandate of Heaven

Justify the rule of different families or dynasties. If the ruler did not act in an upright manner heaven would remove its support

Filiial Piety

respect and honor of one’s elders (Found in Confucianism)

teachings of confucianism

• each person has his or hers place in society

• each person should accept their place so society can function well

• 5 basic types of relationships where one must accept if they’re superior or inferior

5 basic types of relationships in Confucian thinking

• ruler and subject

• father and son

• husband and wife

• older brother and younger brother

• friend and friend

legalism

arise as an opposite movement ot confucianism during the waring state periods

examination

Created a centralized and organized government. Its purpose was to recruit educated officials. Not birthed based but the upper class did have an advantage.

Grand Canal

1000 mile long waterway that united northern and southern china. connecting Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

Chinese economy and commercalization

Chinese economy flourished under the Song Dynasty

• paper money, centralized tax collection, and letters of credit

• relied on free peasant and artisan labor for economy

• increased production capacity in major cities (Silk, porcelain), huge market economy, lead to lots of trade

Footbinding

Practice of binding woman feet with cloths to modify their shape and size. Initially for elites.

Patriarchy

system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are excluded

Role of women in Tang dynasty

• enjoyed more freedom

• wrote poetry, rode horses, participated in philosophical thinking

Role of women in the Song Dynasty

• resurgence on traditional Confucianism, leading to a rise in patiarchy

• the seclusion of women was seen as a status symbol

• women were seen as weak, frail, and distracting

• as China commercalized wealth spread and so too restriction on women

• property rights of women DID expand, and women could control their own drowries, and some did operate shops in urban centers

Tribute system

China’s influence on Vietnam

• under chinese control longer than korea

• aristocratic borrowed heavily from china through confucianism, buddhism, administration techniques, and court rituals

• examination system

China’s influence on Korea

• confucianism, buddhism

• administration techniques

• traded luxury goods

• politcally independent but under china’s tribute

• korean women lost freedoms

China’s influence on Japan

• voluntary borrowed from China

• Buddhism and Confucianism

• Chinese court, taxation, and administration

China and northern Nomads

Nomadic people exploited chaos in Han Dynasty and invaded

Confucianism

started in Zhou Dynasty- treated others the way you want to be treated. Founded by Confucius

Song Dynasty

explosion of scholarship and improvement of civil service exam after Tang Dynasty. Produced more printed books which spread philosohpy and religion. Revived traditional Confucian thinking (Neoconfucianism). Richest, most skilled, and populous country on Earth

Tang Dynasty

Golden age of poetry in China and connected to the west through silk roads and indian ocean. Tang dynasty invented block printing.

Five Pilars of Islam

fasting during Ramadan, pilgramages to Mecca, pray five times a day facing Mecca, only one god (Allah), Alsmgiving to poor

Muhammad

founder of Islam

Quran and Hadiths

Quran is the holy text of Islam. Hadiths is a collection of Muhammads sayings.

Sharia Law

Code of life for Muslims

Ulama

Islamic scholars

Cause of Sunni/shia split

Muhammad left no line of succession.

Difference of Sunni and Shia mulsims

Sunni- leader should be deserving person

Shia-leader should be related to Muhammid

effect of Sunni and Shia split

Civil war. Umyadds ended in power

Spread of Islam

Sufis Missionaries, Military conquest, and Muslim merchants

Abbasid Caliphate

Capitial = Baghdad

• defeated Umayyads

• Islamic reached greatest extent under them

Translation movement

translated many Greek and roman texts into Arabic

Diffusion of Knowledge

House of wisdom facilitated the preservation of knowledge from civilizations across afro-eurasia

Continuation of Islamic tradition and scholarship under turkic rulers

Mansa Musa

Ibn Battuta

Catholicism

popes authority holy bible spread through missionaries

Eastern Orthodox Church

major christen branch from the byzantine empire

Ethiopian Christianity

blending of christianity with jewish geographic isolation

Andean and Mexican Christianity

syncretism where indigenous beliefs blended with catholicism from the spanish conquest

Exlplanation for why the early Christian Church shrunk in Africa dn the Middle east

Caesaropapism

Conversion of russia

Feudalism

A decentralized political and economic system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. Lords granted land to vassals, who in turn swore allegiance and provided knights.

Role of Church/Pope in Feudal Europe

dominant unifying force with immense spirutal, polictical, and cultural power

Similarities between Islam and Christianity

Impact of the Crusades on Europe

Impact of Crusades on the Middle East and Byzantium

Impact of the Crusades on trade and cross cultural exhange